Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Treating by enzyme
Patent
1981-02-11
1982-11-30
Sadowski, David R.
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Treating by enzyme
210637, 210651, 2103213, 2104332, 435269, 435288, 435289, B01D 1300, B01D 3100
Patent
active
043614841
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a process for the treating of and/or removal of substances from a liquid via a microporous, semipermeable membrane through adsorption and/or biological reaction by means of a biologically active material. Furthermore, this invention relates to a device and a membrane for the realization of said process, and a process for immobilizing of a biologically active material on and/or in such a membrane.
Especially this invention is concerned with a process for the removal of substances from whole blood.
Examples of such substances are immune complexes of IgG- or IgA-type having molecular sizes within the range of from 20.times.10.sup.4 to 10.sup.6 Daltons. Further examples are antibodies, for example immunoglobulins of IgG-, IgM- and IgA-types, and antigens, for example virus and DNA in systemic lupus erytematosis (SLE). Also harmful enzymes, for example some proteolytic enzymes which are detrimental to human organs, are examples of such substances in this especial context.
Even though the present invention will be described with particular reference to a process for the treating of and/or removal of substances from whole blood, so-called blood immunotherapy, it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to only this particular field of use. In its broader sense the present invention may be applied to other liquids which are to be treated in the way specified in the preamble of claim 1.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Substances, for example macromolecules, in whole blood are usually captured or transformed specifically.
For example it is required that the blood corpuscles are initially separated from the plasma which is then treated separately for the removal of said macromolecules. Then, said plasma is filtered in further separate steps to remove possible remaining harmful substances, whereafter said plasma is finally rejoined with said blood corpuscles and fed back to the source for said whole blood.
If a rapid process is desirable, said separation is performed through plasmapheresis based on a centrifuge step. A more simple process is however realized, if said separation of whole blood is performed by means of a microporous, semipermeable membrane filter.
Irrespective if said separation of whole blood is realized through centrifuging or by means of a microporous, semipermeable membrane filter, two separate pumping systems are required in this known technique for the realization of said process, i.e. a pumping system for said whole blood and a pumping system for said plasma. The reason for this inconvenience is primarily that said process necessarily must be divided into more separate steps, as described hereinabove.
An object of the present invention thus is therefore to avoid said inconvenience in the known technique and to provide a process which does not require a dividing into separate steps for the treating of and/or removal of substances from the liquid, especially whole blood, and which therefore does not require two pumping systems.
Another object is to provide a device and a membrane for the realization of said process.
A further object is to provide a process for the immobilizing of biologically active material on and/or in such a membrane.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.
DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a process for the treating of and/or removal of substances from a liquid, especially whole blood, via a microporous, semipermeable membrane through adsorption and/or biological reaction by means of a biologically active material. Said process is characterized in that a penetrating fraction of said liquid is forced to flow in an alternating path through said microporous membrane in each direction for contacting said biologically active material.
According to the present invention there is furthermore provided a device for the treating of and/or removal of substances from a liquid, especially whole blood, via a microporous semipermea
REFERENCES:
patent: 3608729 (1971-09-01), Haselden
patent: 3864248 (1975-02-01), Granger et al.
patent: 4013564 (1977-03-01), Nose
Robertson, C. R. et al., "LAR Separation Barriers and Their Application to Catalytic Reactor Design", Separation and Purification Methods, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 301-332, (1976).
Thomas, D. et al., "Artificial Enzyme Membranes" in Methods in Enzymology, vol. 44, Immobilized Enzymes, K. Mosbach Editor, pp. 901-907, (1976), Academic Press.
Larsson Lars-Ake L.
Naucler Lars O. V.
Nylen Ulf T. G.
Gambro AB
Sadowski David R.
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