Concentrating evaporators – Processes – Spraying
Patent
1996-05-23
1999-01-12
Yoon, Tae
Concentrating evaporators
Processes
Spraying
159 401, 159 163, 203 40, 203 43, 203 49, B01D 114, B01D 334
Patent
active
058581693
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention describes proposals for intensifying and/or simplifying the separation of multicomponent mixtures of at least partly organic origin using a stream of carrier gas to simplify the removal of the more readily volatile constituents of the mixture. Accordingly, the principle behind the process according to the invention is based on purification steps which may be classified under the heading of "treatment with steam (steaming)". However, the working principle according to the invention differs from this in the choice of the carrier gas stream which is described in detail in the following in regard to its composition and the operating conditions applied and which is not formed by steam, but instead by a carrier gas of at least partly organic origin. Nevertheless, the measures known to the expert from steam distillation may be widely applied.
2. Discussion of Related Art
The principles of steam distillation for separating multicomponent mixtures and, in particular, for purifying useful materials or mixtures of useful materials of at least partly organic origin are part of established chemical knowledge, cf. for example L. Gattermann "Die Praxis des organischen Chemikers", 33rd Edition (1948), Walter De Gruyter & Co. Verlag, pages 26 to 28 and 252. The principles described herein for laboratory practice are used in various technical applications in such diverse forms that it is only possible here to refer briefly to a number of characteristic applications.
The purification of vegetable or animal fats and oils comprises a multistage treatment in which steaming of the prepurified material is usually carried out as the last stage. An important technical objective of this stage is deodorization of the prepurified material. Unwanted and, in particular, olfactorily troublesome impurities often present in traces only are separated from the useful material or mixture of useful materials by distillation with steam. However, this steaming stage may also be used as a distillation aid, for example to facilitate the removal of short-chain fatty acids from the natural fats and oils. The relevant literature is represented, for example, by "Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie", 4th Edition, Vol. 11 (1976), pages 479-486; Kirk-Othmer "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 3rd Edition, Vol. 9 (1980), pages 816-820 and E. Bernadini "Vegetable Oils and Fats Processing" in "Oilseeds, Oils and Fats", Vol. 11 (1983), InterstampaRome, Chapter VII, pages 221-251 (Deodorization of Fats and Oils). The industrial purification processes described herein using the principle of steam distillation or steaming operate in vacuo and at high temperatures. For example, steaming is carried out under a pressure of 2 to 30 mbar and at a temperature of 150.degree. to 290.degree. C. The amount of steam used and the treatment time are determined by the particular type of process selected. Batch processes, semicontinuous processes and continuous processes are known. Whatever the type of process, the steam is passed in finely dispersed form through the melted and flash-heated fat or oil. In semicontinuous and continuous processes, other aids may also be provided to enlarge the surface between the steam and the oil phase to be purified. Packed or filled columns in particular are described in this regard. In the column, the liquid to be purified is exposed to the steam passing through with a spread and, hence, enlarged surface.
Another typical industrially significant application for purification by steaming is the removal of residues based on ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide from reaction products which have been produced by ethoxylation and/or propoxylation of organic compounds containing at least one active hydrogen atom. Compounds of this type are widely used, for example, as nonionic surfactants or as intermediate products for the production of anionic surfactant compounds. They are used, for example, in the field of detergents and cleaning formulations and also on a large
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Buettgen Karl-Heinz
Dicoi Ovidiu
Fues Johann-Friedrich
Raehse Wilfried
Grandmaison Real J.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Szoke Ernest G.
Yoon Tae
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