Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Rate of reaction determination
Patent
1993-08-03
1994-12-20
Bhat, Nina
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Rate of reaction determination
436173, 250286, G01N 3300
Patent
active
053745590
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The main object of the invention is a process for the sequential observation of the successive states of a chemical reaction taking place in a vacuum or at low pressure, as well as the analysis of solids, liquids and gases (under certain conditions) and aerosols.
The study of the chemical reactions occurring between various compounds in a relatively high vacuum is useful e.g. for reconstituting the formation stages as from simple elements of organic or biological compounds. These reactions generally take place relatively rapidly and it is necessary, in order to be able to follow these syntheses, to have an apparatus making it possible to study in real time the formation phenomena of the organic compounds and in particular those used as a basis for living matter.
The present invention specifically relates to a process for the observation of the successive stages of a chemical reaction taking place in vacuum meeting the above requirements.
The process according to the invention makes use of known molecular ion dissociation methods by impact or shock on neutral gas molecules and the identification of the secondary dissociation atoms formed during the reaction. It is largely based on the processes described in FR-A-2 622 699 and FR-A-2 655 149, at least with respect to the analytical phase of the process using a dissociation box filled with a neutral gas and from which pass energy-filtered secondary ions into an electrostatic analyzer, whose filtration level is regulatable.
The sequential observation process for the successive states of a chemical reaction taking place in vacuum by dissociation in a dissociation box filled with a neutral gas of the molecules of the compounds formed, followed by energy filtration of the dissociation fragments in an electrostatic analyzer and detector is characterized in that the molecules of the compounds to be analyzed are formed on a target located in an enclosure, whose conductive walls are raised to a high d.c. voltage, the target being bombarded by two sources of high energy neutral molecular jets, namely a first continuous jet supplying the atoms and molecules for reacting together and/or with the target, and a second intermediate jet of neutral gas molecules for ionizing, by impact, the molecules formed; a system of extraction lenses being provided for extracting the ions formed and for passing them to the intake of the dissociation box, each intervention of the second jet thus making it possible to form on each occasion an image of the state of the reaction.
The originality of the process according to the invention is constituted by the simultaneous use of two high energy, neutral molecular jets and in that the axes of said jets are located in the same vertical plane during the performance of the process. The latter arrangement, which is preferred but not obligatory, more particularly makes it possible to work on liquids or powders contained in a small horizontal tank. The first supplies in continuous manner to the vacuum enclosure in which is located the target provided for this purpose the atoms and molecules, whose chemical reaction in the vacuum is to be studied. The second intermittent molecular jet is a jet of neutral gas molecules, e.g. argon, krypton or xenon, whose energy is such that it brings about the in situ, immediate ionization of the molecules as soon as they form and which by sputtering makes it possible to form a beam of secondary ions. Dissociation only subsequently occurs in the dissociation box provided for this purpose and on leaving which the secondary ion fragments formed are identified by their energy with the aid of the electrostatic analyzer.
Whereas the first jet, which can be referred to as a chemical jet, functions continuously supplying the atoms and molecules which it is wished to react together and/or with the target, the second jet is intermediate, so that to a certain extent it photographs the instantaneous evolution state of the chemical reaction taking place. Thus, for each intervention of the second intermittent jet, chemical molecu
REFERENCES:
patent: 4608344 (1986-08-01), Carter et al.
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