Furnaces – With fuel treatment means – Means for liberating gas from solid fuel
Patent
1997-01-30
2000-03-14
Lazarus, Ira S.
Furnaces
With fuel treatment means
Means for liberating gas from solid fuel
110219, 110224, 110227, 110233, 110204, 110215, 110234, 110342, 110341, 48111, 48209, F23G 502, F23G 504, F23B 700, C10J 300
Patent
active
060357916
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention is applied in the technical sector for the recycling of treated wood and in particular those treated with CCA (copper, chrome, arsenic) which are the most difficult to recycle due to the arsenic contained in them and which are used in numerous applications, notably for power and telephone line posts as well as railway sleepers, pallets, etc.
The recycling of wood-based products is presently undertaken to a very limited degree, to comply with environmental protection requirements and regulations as well as for economic reasons.
The recycling of untreated wood poses no serious problems as the composition products for these materials may be burnt or even shredded, ground for use in the composition of other natural sub-products or for mixture with other plastic components, etc.
The recycling of treated wood is more difficult as it presents problems for which presently no solution has been found. The recycling has been made obligatory in the EC by decision of the European Council on Dec. 22, 1994 and application of Directive EC 91/689 of Dec. 12, 1991.
If we consider the application of treated wood in the manufacture of electrical or telephone posts and railway sleepers, the extent of this problem becomes clear bearing in mind how many million posts and sleepers are in use in France and abroad. These posts and sleepers have an average working life of approximately 25 years. The treatment of these posts is generally carried out using a vacuum impregnation process. In France, posts have generally been treated with CCA for the last 25 years as this treatment offers far better results, but also, and foremost, for its antiseptic qualities, cleanliness and longevity which remain unequalled today thanks to CCA's ability to fix itself to the wood which is far superior to that of all other existing wood protection products.
One of the problems encountered resides in the fact that it is practically impossible for an uninformed person to tell the difference between wood treated with metallic salts and in particular those treated with CCA and other old untreated wood, whereas wood treated with creosote or pentachlorphenol is easily recognisable due to its exterior aspect.
Furthermore, the burning of treated wood may be extremely dangerous and even more so when the wood has been treated with CCA and this not only in respect to the possible environmental pollution but also where the health of persons is concerned.
Bearing in mind the fact that treated and untreated wood from posts and sleepers is collected in an empirical and disorganised manner, one easily understands the need, in respect to public safety, for a rational structure for the gathering of old treated wood and its later elimination or recycling.
Various attempts have been made to solve the problem posed by recycling of treated wood in general and in particular that treated with CCA.
First of all it was suggested that the wood be reused but this proved of little economic interest and its commercialisation was not feasible under satisfactory economic conditions.
Another possibility was to recycle it as decorative elements in flower beds by grinding the wood and then treating it with colouring in an autoclave. This technique was not followed up due to the lack of possible outlets for the product.
The solution of dumping the wood in landfills is also not possible due to legal restrictions.
Storage may hardly be considered a solution due to the space requirements.
Burning the wood in traditional incinerators together with other waste is also not possible as the elements contained in the treated wood, in particular the arsenic in CCA, tend to combine with the other elements present in the waste to form composites which cannot be controlled. Furthermore, due to the effect of the thermal shock between ambient air and incinerator temperature, most of the arsenic contained in the wood treated with CCA evaporates and takes with it other heavy metals.
Above 450.degree., the arsenic trioxide particles become extremely fine and diffi
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Beaumartin, "Chartherm Treated Wood Recycling: A system for recycling old wooden poles and other treated wood", http://www.chartherm.com/english/chartherm/drte.html.
Beaumartin S.A.
Ciric Ljiljana V.
Lazarus Ira S.
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