Chemistry of carbon compounds – Miscellaneous organic carbon compounds – C-metal
Patent
1982-09-22
1984-12-25
Kight, John
Chemistry of carbon compounds
Miscellaneous organic carbon compounds
C-metal
260120, 260112R, 435 68, 435948, 424 85, 424101, 210679, 210927, A61K 3516, A23J 120
Patent
active
044902905
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to the recovery of materials.
In particular the invention relates to methods for recovering immunoglobulins from sources such as milk and blood serum. In this specification, the term "milk" is used to mean whole milk or any derivative of whole milk, such as skimmed milk or whey, in liquid or in solid form so long as such solid form is soluble or dispersible in water, the whole milk or derivative thereof containing biologically active immunoglobulins.
The recovery of immunoglobulins from so-called "immune milk" is desirable because the recovered immunoglobulins have valuable biologic function in providing antibody protection. Appropriate immunoglobulins can be fed to or injected into disease-susceptible humans or animals to provide therapeutic and/or prophylactic benefits. The recovered immunoglobulins can also be used as valuable research tools in the understanding of immune responses against diseases, and they can also form the basis of immunodiagnostic test procedures.
Milk, especially bovine milk, is a particularly important natural source of immunoglobulins. Mammals such as the cow can be immunised successfully against a wide variety of diseases.
Examples of disease-causing organisms against which antibodies can be raised are bacteria such as E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Cholera; viruses such as rotavirus and polio; fungi such as Chlamydia and Candida; protozoa such as Giardia; helminths and liver flukes.
Another important source of immunoglobulins is blood. For example anti-tetanus immunoglobulins can be obtained from horse blood.
Methods have previously been proposed for recovering immunoglobulins from immune bovine milk, but these prior methods have involved the use of techniques such as filtration and ultrafiltration to produce a concentrated residue from the original milk containing the desired immunoglobulins. In such a process the bulk of the milk has to be discarded and wasted, and the concentrated residue, while containing the valuable immunoglobulins, also contains concentrated quantities of numerous other trace ingredients in the original milk. Many of these trace ingredients are undesirable in such high concentrations. Furthermore, such processing usually reduces the potency of the immunoglobulins because they can all too easily be denatured under severe processing conditions.
There is therefore a need for a process that enables valuable immunoglobulins of high potency to be extracted economically from sources such as milk without the need to discard the bulk of the original material and without the disadvantage of simultaneously concentrating other minor ingredients present in the original material. Ideally, such a process would have two end products; the first being pure concentrated immunoglobulins and the second being the original source deficient solely in respect of the immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins of high purity are especially important where they are to be employed in injectable form.
Of particular interest are the immunoglobulins of classes IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE.
The invention provides a process for the recovery of immunoglobulins wherein a source of immunoglobulins is contacted with an insoluble carrier material to which is bound a low-affinity antibody specific to one or more of the immunoglobulins but not specific to any other common constituent of the source, the antibody binds immunoglobulin molecules, and following removal of the residue of the source the immunoglobulin molecules are released from the antibody.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a process for the recovery of immunoglobulins of high purity and potency from milk, in which process milk is contacted with an insoluble carrier material to which is bound a low-affinity antibody specific to one or more milk immunoglobulins but not specific to any other common constituent of milk, the antibody binds immunoglobulin molecules, and following removal of the residue of the milk the immunoglobulin molecules are released from the antibody.
A further embodiment of the inven
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Chemical Abstract, No. 97: 158992-Agarose polyacrolein Microsphere beads, New Effective Immunoabsorbent, 1982.
Y
Gani Mohamed M.
May Keith
Porter Philip
Draper Garnette D.
Internationale Octrooi Maatschappij "Octropa" B.V.
Kight John
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