Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; – Lignins or derivatives
Patent
1995-07-06
1997-03-04
Nutter, Nathan M.
Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins;
Lignins or derivatives
530501, 530502, 530504, 530505, 435 72, 435 84, 435100, 435101, 435105, 527400, 527401, 527403, C08H 502, C08F28900, C12P 722
Patent
active
056080409
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention relates to a process for the production of polymers containing lignin and organic compounds as well as the polymerizates produced in accordance with the process.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
From U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,828 propene polymers of lignite (2-propene amide)-(Na-2,2-dimethyl-3-imino-4-oxohex-5en-1-sulfonate) and a process for their production are known. Other polymers cannot be produced in this process.
EP-A 91102118.6 discloses propene polymers of lignin and acrylates, e.g. methacrylates. They must be produced in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Only derivatives with acrylates or methacrylates can be produced in this process.
It is the object of the instant invention to create polymers and a process for their production, said polymers consisting of lignin and organic compounds which can be produced in a simple manner and do not require an oxygen-free atmosphere for their production.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This object is attained through a process for the production of polymers containing lignin and organic compounds wherein the lignin is polymerized with organic compounds containing at least 3 carbons atoms as well as one oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or at least one multiple linkage function in the presence of radical oxidizing enzymes and of oxidation products forming their substrate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the process according to the invention all organic compounds which contain at least three carbon atoms and at least one oxygen and/or nitrogen atom and/or at least one multiple linkage function can react with lignin. An oxygen-free atmosphere is not required for the process.
The lignin which is used as the initial material may be natural vegetal lignin, e.g., wood. Especially lignin such as results in great quantities from cellulose production, e.g., in form of sulfite lignin or alkali lignin (power lignin) is used. Thereby the instant invention opens a possibility for the utilization of these waste products for which applications were difficult to find in the past.
It has been shown that organic compounds with less than 3 carbon atoms are difficult to polymerize with lignin. Polymerization with acryl derivatives or with organic compounds with 5 or more carbon atoms is especially easy.
The following materials having at least three carbon atoms are especially well suited for polymerization:
Materials with oxygen functions, such as carbonyl compounds, in particular aldehyde and ketone; hydroxyl compounds, in particular monovalent or polyvalent alcohols, ether compounds, in particular mono or poly-ether, and epoxy compounds.
Materials with nitrogen functions, such as amines, imines, amides, amidines, nitriles, isonitriles, and azo compounds.
Materials with at least one multiple linkage function such as e.g., compounds with at least one double and/or triple linkage, preferably with C--C double linkage.
The compounds may also contain several of the functional groups listed above, such as is the case with carbonic acids, carbonic acid anhydrides, acid amides, amidines, carbamides, carbonic acid esters, and peroxides. Other functional groups may also be contained in addition in the compounds, such as is the case with acid halogenides, thio-alcohols, etc.
All the above-mentioned compounds may be in form of aliphatic, aromatic, cyclo-aliphatic or heterocyclic compounds.
The following may be used as radically oxidizing enzymes:
Peroxidases such as manganese peroxidase, radish peroxidase, phenol oxidases such as laccase, and tyrosinases.
In carrying out the polymerization reaction the oxidation products forming the substrate for the enzymes must be present. When peroxidases are used, the oxidation product is hydrogen peroxide, and when phenol oxidases are used, the oxidation product is oxygen. In addition, organic peroxides and organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are suitable substrates. Different enzymes and substrates may be used as mixtures for polymerization.
The reaction may be carried out in aqueous and/or organic solutions or in dis
REFERENCES:
Blinkovsky et al "Peroxidase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Lignin--Phenol Copolymers" Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 31, No. 7, Jun. 1993, pp. 1839-1846.
H uttermann Aloys
Milstein Oleg
H uttermann Aloys
Nutter Nathan M.
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