Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Unsaturated compound synthesis – From nonhydrocarbon feed
Patent
1985-06-24
1986-04-01
Davis, Curtis R.
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Unsaturated compound synthesis
From nonhydrocarbon feed
585733, C07C 100
Patent
active
045799962
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 monohaloalkanes into hydrocarbons having a greater number of carbon atoms than the monohaloalkane reactant, in particular to aliphatic hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range.
The forecast longer-term shortage of petroleum has in recent years stimulated research into the production of chemicals and fuels from other raw materials. In particular both coal and natural gas, of which there are vast reserves, have been under consideration because both are readily converted by well established technology into a mixture of gases comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, conventionally referred to as synthesis gas, which in turn can be converted into methanol. Methanol is a useful intermediate for the production of valuable chemicals, for example acetic acid, ethanol, esters, acetic anhydride etc and in recent years its use has been proposed both as a gasoline blending component and as a feedstock for the production of liquid gasoline range hydrocarbons by conversion over synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate catalysts, see for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,442 (Mobil).
An alternative approach to the production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from natural gas, which principally comprises methane, together with ethane, propane and possibly also butane, is to convert the alkanes to their alkyl monohalides and thereafter catalytically convert these to gasoline range hydrocarbons. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,894,107 (Mobil) there is described a process for converting an aliphatic organic compound of the formula R--X where X is at least one of halogen, oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen to a product comprising a complex mixture of compounds including hydrocarbon compounds having a greater number of carbon atoms than the organic compound reactant, a higher ratio of carbon atoms to heteratoms than the organic compound reactant and a longest carbon to carbon chain length which is longer than the longest carbon chain length of the organic compound reactant by contacting the compound of formula R--X with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. It is further stated that the zeolite may be in the hydrogen form or it may be base exchanged or impregnated to contain ammonium or a metal cation complement, of which the latter may be a cation of the metals of the Groups I through VIII of the Periodic Table. All the examples illustrate the use of the zeolite in the hydrogen form and in those examples in which hydrocarbons are formed, they comprise a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. There is no example illustrating the conversion of a monohaloalkane feedstock.
We have now found that a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 monohaloalkane can be converted in high selectivities to hydrocarbons having a greater number of carbon atoms than the monohaloalkane reactant, and in particular to aliphatic hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range, using as catalyst a clay containing either hydrogen ions and/or metal cations introduced either by exchange and/or by deposition.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 monohaloalkane to aliphatic hydrocarbons having a greater number of carbon atoms than the monohaloalkane reactant which process comprises contacting the monohaloalkane at elevated temperature with a clay containing either hydrogen ions and/or metal cations introduced either by exchange and/or by deposition.
As regards the monohaloalkane, the halide moiety may suitably be chloride or bromide, preferably chloride and the alkyl moiety may be methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, preferably methyl. Alternatively mixtures of monohaloalkanes, preferably comprising a monohalomethane as the principal component of the mixture, may suitably be employed. The monohaloalkanes are preferably used in the substantially pure form but may be admixed with diluents such as carbon-containing gases, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen or air, or with minor amount
REFERENCES:
patent: 2488083 (1949-11-01), Gorin et al.
patent: 2658090 (1953-11-01), Geiser et al.
patent: 2708210 (1955-05-01), Sias
patent: 3329730 (1967-07-01), Vives
patent: 4524234 (1985-06-01), Kaiser
Font Freide Josephus J. H. M.
Smith David J. H.
Davis Curtis R.
The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.
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