Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Sulfate esters
Patent
1993-04-16
1994-04-19
Cintins, Marianne M.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Sulfate esters
558 21, 558 34, 554 90, C07C30342, C07C30328
Patent
active
053046692
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for the production of alkyl sulfate pastes having improved flow properties by co-sulfonation of aliphatic alcohols and unsaturated fatty acid glyceride esters and subsequent neutralization and hydrolysis of the reaction products formed.
2. Statement of Related Art
Anionic surfactants of the alkyl sulfate type, particularly those containing C.sub.16-18 alkyl radicals, show excellent detergent properties and are used in particular in powder-form detergents.
Powder detergents of the type in question are produced from water-containing alkyl sulfate pastes. In order to avoid unnecessary mass transport during spray drying, the water-containing surfactant pastes advantageously have a high solids content. However, alkyl sulfate pastes can only be concentrated to a certain solids content. Beyond this limit, their viscosity generally reaches such high values that the surfactant solutions can no longer be pumped, even at elevated temperatures.
There has been no shortage of attempts in the past to solve the problem posed by the high viscosity of anionic surfactant pastes. For example, the use of secondary alkane sulfonates and hydroxycarboxylic acid salts as viscosity-reducing agents for anionic surfactant concentrates is known from German patent applications DE-A-34 47 859 and DE-A-22 51 405. The viscosity of alkylbenzene sulfonate pastes can be reduced by alkoxylated alcohols [DE-A-37 18 896] or aliphatic hydrocarbons [DD-A-240 025]. Other known viscosity reducers are sulfonated aromatic compounds [DE-A-23 05 554], cumene sulfonate or acidic phosphoric acid esters [DE-B-16 17 160], polyhydric alcohols, carboxylic acids or esters thereof [EP-A-0 008 060] or mono and/or disulfates of polyalkylene glycol ethers [EP-B-0 024 711].
However, the viscosity reducers mentioned fail in cases where the viscosity of water-containing alkyl sulfate pastes has to be reduced.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide a process for the production of alkyl sulfate pastes having improved flow properties.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the production of alkyl sulfate pastes having improved flow properties, characterized in that mixtures containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and ester derived from fatty acids containing 16 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, subsequently neutralized with aqueous bases and hydrolyzed so that pastes having solids concentrations of 30 to 80% by weight are obtained.
It has surprisingly been found that, after sulfonation, neutralization and hydrolysis, mixtures of components a) and b) which contain these components within the limits mentioned have a distinctly lower viscosity than sulfonation products derived from the pure starting materials. The invention includes the observation that the sulfonated mixtures produced by the process according to the invention are distinguished by improved pumpability and a lower energy demand in the spray drying process.
The aliphatic primary alcohols used as component a) in accordance with the invention are fatty alcohols such as, for example, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or behenyl alcohol. It is preferred to use fatty alcohols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
Other suitable alcohols are technical alcohol cuts of the type obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl ester mixtures of natural origin or aldehydes from Roelen's oxo synthesis. Technical coconut oil or tallow fatty alcohol cuts are preferably used. These are primary fatty alcohols which, on average, have the following C chain distribution:
______________________________________ Coconut oil Tallow fatty
fatty alcohol alcohol
______________________________________
C.sub.10 :
0-3% by weight
C.sub.12 :
48-58% by weight
C.sub.14 :
19-24% by weight 0-3% by weight
C.sub.16
REFERENCES:
patent: 4384978 (1983-05-01), Ploog et al.
patent: 4476037 (1984-10-01), Ploog et al.
patent: 4675128 (1987-06-01), Linde et al.
patent: 4741738 (1988-05-01), Friese et al.
J. Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1987, pp. 61 to 63.
Fabry Bernd
Hofmann Rainer
Lange Fritz
Wangemann Frank
Cintins Marianne M.
Drach John E.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Page Margaret J.
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