Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Amino nitrogen containing
Reexamination Certificate
2001-11-13
2003-07-29
Kumar, Shailendra (Department: 1621)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Amino nitrogen containing
C564S491000, C564S492000, C564S506000, C564S507000, C558S451000, C558S454000, C558S455000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06600075
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of tertiary amines from primary amines and nitrile moieties under reductive conditions, and products made by such method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
New techniques for efficiently preparing common or novel chemicals are continuously sought after by the chemical industry. In particular, any improvements in the synthesis of tertiary amines would be highly valuable, as there are many applications. These applications include use as bioactives, buffers, precursors for surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and polyurethane catalysts. The ability to incorporate additional functionality, such as nitriles, alcohols, ethers, amides, additional tertiary amine centers, aryl groups, and fluorinated alkyl groups would also be desirable. The additional functionality would allow for the incorporation of a highly functionalized substrate into a polymer backbone, affording the polymer unique properties.
It is known in the art that under reductive conditions nitriles react with amines to form alkylated amine products. For example, excess dimethylamine, when reacted with adiponitrile under catalytic reductive conditions, undergoes a single reductive amination onto each nitrile to give N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylhexamethylenediamine (U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,130, U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,011 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,074). In addition to tertiary amine formation from the reaction of a secondary amine with a nitrile, U.S. Pat. No. 3,673,251 discloses the formation of secondary amines by the reaction of primary amines with a nitrile. For example, 1,1′-di-(N-methylaminomethyl)biphenyl-3,3′ can be obtained from the reaction of methylamine and 1,1′-dicyanobiphenyl-3,3′. However, there has been no disclosure of a method for preparing a tertiary amine directly from a primary amine and a nitrile.
There is also need for a method that will efficiently provide bis(cyanoalkyl)aminoalkanes, as these compounds are useful precursors for natural products, for substrates that exhibit antitumor activity, and for polymer dye-site additives. To date, these targets have been synthesized by multi-step processes that require the use of an expensive halo-alkylnitrile as an intermediate. For example, Russian researchers (Vasil'eva, E. I.; Freidlina, R. Kh. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk S S R, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No.2, pp. 237-240, February, 1966) disclose the synthesis of bis(5-cyanobutyl)aminomethane, where methylamine reacts with two equivalents of chlorovaleronitrile.
Since there has been no disclosure of the preparation of tertiary amines directly from primary amines and nitrites, tertiary amines that would be useful in similar applications are unavailable because there are no commercially viable routes to these compounds. A novel route to known tertiary amines and novel tertiary amines prepared from primary amines and nitrites is needed to increase the availability of these types of compounds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Disclosed herein is a method for preparing at least one tertiary amine product having the formula
wherein R and R′ independently are C1-C12 substituents selected from the group consisting of straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and heterocyclic moieties; and
wherein A is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, and silyl moieties;
wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, and silyl;
said method comprising contacting a primary amine having the general formula
H
2
N—R′—A′ (III)
wherein R′ is a C1-C12 substituent selected from the group consisting of straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and heterocyclic moieties;
wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, and silyl moieties;
with at least one nitrile having the general formula
A—R—CN (II)
wherein R is a C1-C12 substituent selected from the group consisting of straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and heterocyclic moieties;
wherein A is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, and silyl moieties;
in the presence of hydrogen gas and a catalyst at a temperature from about 50° C. to about 200° C. and at a pressure from about 100 psig to 1500 psig.
Also disclosed are tertiary amine compounds prepared by the method described above.
A further disclosure of the present invention are novel tertiary amine compounds having the formulae:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention discloses a method for preparing tertiary amines from a primary amine and a nitrile moiety under reductive conditions. The method is carried out by contacting at least one nitrile compound with at least one primary amine compound. It is preferred that the nitrile is used in molar excess of the primary amine. The method can be described generally by equation A.
wherein R and R′ independently are C1-C12 straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic; and
wherein A is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, and silyl;
wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, and silyl.
A few of the many types of compounds that can be prepared by this process include simple trialkyl amines, where one can vary the identity of the alkyl chains around the nitrogen center, making, in the simplest of cases, diethylmethylamine from acetonitrile and methylamine. A diamine, such as 1,3-diaminopropane, can also be reacted in the same manner with acetronitrile to obtain N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyl-1,3-propanediamine. Diols with an internal tertiary amine can be formed by reacting cyano-alkanols with primary amines, under the conditions described herein. Another class of compounds afforded efficiently by this invention is bis(cyanoalkyl)aminoalkanes, which are formed by the reaction of dinitriles with primary amines. By varying the functionality on the primary amine and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting nitrites, one can produce unique monomers that have a tertiary amine and two primary amines. These unique monomers can then be incorporated into polymers to give the polymers unique physical properties.
Some of the suitable starting nitrites that can be used in the method of the present invention are depicted in structure (II) below. These compounds can be mono- or bi- or multi-functional. That is, they may contain one or more nitrile groups, and may have one or more other functional groups. The R group is a C1 to C12 straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic moiety. The A group is hydrogen, cyano, amide, straight or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, haloaryl, fluorinated alkyl, or silyl moiety.
A—R—CN (II)
Suitable starting amines for the present invention can be monoprimary amines or diprimary amines of the structure (III) below, where R&pr
Allgeier Alan Martin
Gannett Thomas Papin
Higley David Page
Whittle Kelley Moran
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Kumar Shailendra
LandOfFree
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