Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Patent
1998-03-16
1999-10-19
Prats, Francisco
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
435 85, 435 84, 435 72, 4352551, 435171, C12P 1930, C12P 1928, C12P 1900, C12N 118
Patent
active
059687835
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a process for preparing sugar nucleotides, which are important substrates in the synthesis of sugar chains such as oligosaccharides.
BACKGROUND ART
Recent remarkable progress of sugar-chain science has clarified some of its physiological role, which makes it possible to develop pharmaceuticals and functional materials based on oligosaccharides possessing physiological activities. However, only limited types of oligosaccharides are currently available on the market, and in addition, they are extremely expensive. Moreover, those oligosaccharides can be produced only on a reagent level, and a mass-production method for them has not yet been fully established.
Conventionally, oligosaccharides have been produced by way of extraction from natural substances, chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis, or a combination of these. Among these processes, enzymatic synthesis has been considered the best suited for the mass-production for the following reasons: (1) enzymatic synthesis does not require intricate procedures such as protection and removal of protection, which are required for chemical synthesis, (2) substrate specificities of enzymes enable the synthesis of oligosaccharides having highly structural specificities. In addition, recent progress in recombinant DNA technology have made it possible to mass-produce various types of enzymes economically and in large quantities, which also contributes to establishing the superiority of enzymatic synthesis over other processes.
Two processes for the synthesis of oligosaccharides through use of enzymatic synthesis are available: a process that makes use of the reverse reaction of a hydrolase, and a process that makes use of a glycosyltransferase. The former has an advantage that it can employ inexpensive monosaccharides as the substrate, but as it employs the reverse reaction to the decomposition reaction, it is not necessarily the best process for the synthesis of oligosaccharides in terms of the yield and application to oligosaccharides possessing a complicated structure.
On the other hand, the latter makes use of a glycosyltransferase and has an advantage over the former in terms of the yield and application to the synthesis of oligosaccharides possessing a complicated structure. Moreover, the mass-production of various types of glycosyltransferase enabled by recent progress in recombinant DNA technology also contributes to realization of this process.
However, sugar nucleotides, which are sugar donors used in a synthesis that makes use of a glycosyltransferase, are with few exceptions still expensive, and are provided only in small amounts on reagent levels. There has been reported a process for preparing uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPAG), which is a donor of N-acetyl glucosamine, by use of an osmolarity-resistant yeast (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 8-23993), but problems still remain to be solved before its industrial production is realized.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The inventors of the present invention have carried out studies on a process for preparing UDPAG by use of yeast for an enzyme source reported by Tochikura et al., wherein uridylic acid and glucosamine are used as the substrates (Japanese Patent Publication (kokoku) No. 49-8278: Tochikura's method), and have confirmed that although Tochikura's method enables high yield production of UDPAG in small scale production, synthesis efficiency lowers considerably when the reaction scale is enlarged (for example, to a reaction scale of greater than dozens of milliliters).
On the basis of the above, the present inventors have carried out earnest studies in an attempt to develop a practical process for the production of sugar nucleotides which makes it possible to enlarge the reaction scale without reducing the production yield, and have confirmed the following points: (1) the synthesis of UDPAG by use of yeast is generally divided into two groups of reactions: a group of reactions relating to the production and accumul
REFERENCES:
Chemical Abstracts 84(7):41909f (1976).
Chemical Abstracts 72(7):41686h (1970).
Kawaguchi et al, Agric. Biol. Chem. 34(6):908-918 (1970).
Kimura et al, J. Bacteriol. 125(2):744-746 (1976).
Ishige Kazuya
Takenouchi Kenji
Prats Francisco
Yamasa Corporation
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