Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Fatty compounds having an acid moiety which contains the...
Patent
1992-02-10
1994-03-15
Dees, Jose G.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Fatty compounds having an acid moiety which contains the...
C11D 128
Patent
active
052947262
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of light-colored oleic acid sulfonates.
2. Description of Related Art
The preparation of oleic acid sulfonates by reaction of industrial oleic acid cuts with gaseous sulfur trioxide is known from GB-C 1,278,421. This publication makes the following statements on the color of the oleic acid sulfonates obtained by this process: 1. The color of the sulfonation products depends on the reaction conditions, in particular the contact time in the reactor and the temperature of the starting substances fed to the reactor. 2. The color of the sulfonation products depends on the amount of sulfur trioxide employed, an excess of more than 15 mol %, based on oleic acid, resulting in poorer colors with only a slight increase in the degree of conversion. 3. The color of the sulfonation products depends on the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the industrial oleic acid employed, a content of more than 3% of these polyunsaturated fatty acids leading to poor colors of the sulfonation products.
There are available on the market numerous industrial oleic acid grades, in particular those of regenerating naturally occurring raw materials, such as beef tallow, lard, olive oil, sunflower oil and palmkernel oil, which have contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids of more than 3% and to date could not be sulfonated by the process known from GB-PC 1,278,421 to form light-colored oleic acid sulfonates.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The process of the invention is thus directed towards the preparation of light-colored oleic acid sulfonates which can be obtained from industrial oleic acid grades having a relatively high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids using gaseous sulfur trioxide as the sulfonating agent.
The process of the invention comprises the following stages:
a) continuous sulfonation of an industrial oleic acid having an oleic acid content of 65 to 85% by weight and a linoleic acid content of up to 13% by weight, the remainder (to 100% by weight) being other saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, using gaseous sulfur trioxide in a molar ratio of olefinic double bonds present in the industrial oleic acid to sulfur trioxide of 1 : 0.8 to 1.0;
b) neutralization and hydrolysis of the acid sulfonation product obtained in stage a) with aqueous bases and
c) bleaching of the oleic acid sulfonate obtained in stage b) as an aqueous solution, and if appropriate
d) concentration of the aqueous solution, obtained in stage c), of the bleached oleic acid sulfonate.
The industrial oleic acid to be employed in the process of the invention contains other saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, that is to say fatty acids which are not oleic acid or linoleic acid and which are usually contained as concomitant substances in industrial oleic acid grades, for example capric, lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, linolenic, arachinic, gadoleic, behenic and erucic acid. Fatty acids which are diunsaturated and more than di-unsaturated and are not linoleic acid can be contained in an amount which is preferably not more than 2% by weight.
According to the process of the invention, the acid sulfonation product obtained in the above-mentioned stage a) is neutralized and hydrolyzed with aqueous bases. During this procedure, the sulfonic acid groups formed during the sulfonation reaction react to form the corresponding salts; sultones which are possibly formed are furthermore hydrolyzed in the course of the sulfonation. Typical examples of the aqueous bases which can be employed in the neutralization and sulfonation are aqueous solutions of hydroxides of alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium or lithium, or of oxides and hyroxides of alkaline earth metals, such as magnesium or calcium, ammonia or organic bases, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine. The use of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is in general preferred.
According to the proc
Anzinger Hermann
Behler Ansgar
Vogt Michael
Carr Deborah D.
Dees Jos,e G.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Millson Jr. Henry E.
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