Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Maintaining blood or sperm in a physiologically active state... – Using bacteria or actinomycetales
Patent
1986-06-10
1990-03-27
Griffin, Ronald W.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Maintaining blood or sperm in a physiologically active state...
Using bacteria or actinomycetales
435101, 536 56, 514781, C12R 102, C12P 1904, C08B 0000, A61K 4700
Patent
active
049120492
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to artificial skin grafts, and more particularly provides a process for the preparation of artificial skin.
Skin lesions have always been a grave problem to be confronted by medicine, particularly those lesions caused by burns. In these cases, the patient suffers extensive hydro-electrolitic losses, these losses being greater as the extent of the burned area increases. There is a critical period of approximately 36 hours in which substantial loss of blood fluids occurs in the burned region. After this period, this fluid loss is interrupted by the closure of the tissues, and the opposite effect is noted, i.e. a fluid retention which causes swelling. In cases where the area affected is great, the consequences can be fatal.
These extreme symptoms provoked by loss of skin through burns from heat radiation or chemical products also occur to a lesser extent in cases where skin loss is occasioned by abrasion or other mechanical causes. The conventional treatment, which is long and painful, consists in the continued application of medications, such as ointment, lubricated gauze, and bandages for retaining the gauze in place. The affected region is kept covered, and the patient receives large doses of antibiotics to prevent infection. For many years the above described problems have been tackled by applying skin substitutes to the affected area. The incessant search for solutions to these problems is illustrated by a vast bibliography of more than 120 studies published in the last ten years throughout the world, concentrating on attempt to find a skin substitute having the same properties and characteristics as human skin.
To date, the following human skin substitutes exist: patients body; from donors may be used; silicon, collagen, mixtures of collagen and silicon, or polytetrafluoroethylenepolyurethane.
Briefly, these items may be described in the following manner:
Autogenous grafting
This involves a surgical operation, extracting an area of the patients own skin from an elected donor region, to be immediately applied over the lesioned area. Since this causes a trauma equivalent to a second degree burn, this is only justifiable in patients who have third degree burns.
Heterogenous grafting
The first method uses human skin from donors, this method being extremely rarely used since as well as requiring donors to submit themselves to extensive traumas, the benefits of this type of grafting are transitory as the graft only lasts for a maximum of two weeks.
Human skin from cadavres
This type of grafting is almost never used, due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining cadavres at the appropriate time, together with their entire medical histories. There also exist ethical and legal difficulties, as well as objections from the family of the deceased.
Amniotic membrane
This requires a careful choice of donor, and the total absence of risk of contamination. The membrane must be prepared by a specialized team in a medical center, and must be done within twelve hours. As to its durability, like artificial skin substitutes it does not last more than a week.
Pigskin
Among the various animal skins exhaustively texted for use as human skin substitutes, pigskin presented the best results due to its anatomic characteristics similar to those of man. However, the necessary precausions and the preparation methods give this skin anatomic characteristics similar to man. However, the necessary care in the choice of animal and the preparation of a piece of skin make this option extremely laborious and complex.
The piglet of less than 5 months old, must be absolutely healthy and must have a skin free of any injury. The piglet is electrocuted and then decapitated so that all the blood is lost. A specialized team, working in a sterilizable atmosphere similar to a medical center removes all the skin of the piglet in a first stage, and thereafter prepares it into sheets using electrical equipment. The sheets must be stored under refrigeration (maximum temperature 4.degree. C.) in physiological s
REFERENCES:
"Utilization of Bio Fill in Burn Care" by Oliveira et al., of the Hospital Da Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro.
"Bio Fill, Use and Clinical Evaluation of a Cellulose Film on Cutaneous Lesions" by Peixoto and dos Santos, Revista Brasileira de Circurgia (1988), 78, No. 2
"A New Biological Dressing in Burn Care" presented by Cabral et al., The VIIth Ibero-Latin American Plastic Surgery Congress.
"Biological Dressing in the Care of the Severly Burnt" by Cabral et al., Revista Brasileira de Circurgia (1987), 77, No. 6.
Bio Fill Produtos Biotechnologicos S.A.
Griffin Ronald W.
Webber Pamela S.
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