Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Bacterium or component thereof or substance produced by said...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-04-03
2003-12-30
Lankford, Jr., Leon B. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Bacterium or component thereof or substance produced by said...
C424S780000, C435S252100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06669944
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present investigation relates to a process for the preparation of an extract with Carotenoids, UV absorption, antibacterial and pH indicating from a deep-sea bacterium for applications in food and cosmetic industries. The extract could be used as food and feed additives (colorant), food and feed preservatives and radio protective I sunscreen compound in cosmetics.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART REFERENCES
A number of bacteria are known to produce several secondary metabolites like pigments, toxins, growth promoting compounds and antibiotics (Bushell Me, 1982, Microbial aspects of the discovery of novel secondary metabolites, Top. Enzyme-Ferment Biotech no 1 6, 32-67). These bacteria have an added advantage in that they are easily replenishable as their generation time is much shorter than other microbes and higher organisms. Besides, their products are eco-friendly and can be used either in their native form or with minor modifications.
The synthetic pigments and dyes have proved to be more harmful than natural products. Some of the synthetic colours are either banned or the permissible concentrations drastically reduced. In the Government of India notification an amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act in March 1993 banned the use of permitted colours (The Navhind Times dated Aug. 4, 1998) European Union is planning to ban about 300 textile dyes containing chemicals known to increase the risk of cancer. Dyes containing significant levels of 22 of the so-called aromatic amines are known to be carcinogenic (The Navhind Times, dated Oct. 4, 1999). The planned legislation would phase out dyes that are used in textile, leather goods, seat covers, gloves. In short any material having even temporary contact with the skin, public's inclination towards bio pigments and colours is strong.
Pigments are known to be the most important secondary metabolites of organisms for various applications. Even though pigments can be produced by chemical synthesis there has been increasing demand and renewed interest for natural pigments. This is essentially due to the public awareness of the superiority and safety of natural products over the synthetic ones, especially in the food industry.
Reference may be made to the natural colorants like red betalin pigment from plant,
Beta vulgaris
. (Smith MAL, Dustin I, Leathers R, Zryd Jp 1992. Development of automated vision techniques for immediate analysis and control of betalin producing cultures. Hortiscience 27 (6), 572) or bright colour from the bryozoan animal,
Bugula dentata
(Matsunaga S, Fusetani N, Hashimoto K, 1986. Bioactive marine metabolites. VIII Isolation of an antimicrobial blue pigment from the bryozoan
Bugula dentata
Experientia 42(1), 84). However, use of such pigments from higher organisms has got certain limitation. For example the major drawbacks are that higher plants and animals have a longer generation time and the resources are limited. Though tissue culture has evolved as an alternate method to produce the cells for pigment extraction, the techniques are not always simple and have limited application. On the other hand, microbes, especially bacteria, can be exploited more advantageously for reasons mentioned above.
Among the pigments yellow-orange to red pigments, mostly belonging to the carotenoid group has been popular for various applications. For example, B carotene is a valuable metabolite and is in great demand in the food industry and Aquaculture (Michel P J, Dujardin E, Sironval C1995. Growth of
Dunalliella bardawil
under carotogenic conditions. J. Mar. Biotechnol 2 (2), 101-104). Carotenoids possessing carbonyl groups inhibit lipid peroxidation better than those lacking carbonyl groups (Michel P J,Dujardin E, Sironval C,1995. Growth of
Dunalliella bardawil
under carotogenic conditions. J. Mar. Biotechnol 2 (2), 101-104). Despite the enormous economic potential of carotenoids, only a few of the microbes have been exploited commercially. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid, from a bacterium (Alteromonas sp) is used in the food industry essentially for imparting colour to the product (Japanese patent No. JP-5049497). The same compound from another bacterium Flavobacterium sp (Nelis H J, De Leenheer AP 1991. Microbial sources of carotenoids pigments used in foods and feeds. J of Appl Bacterial 70, 181-191. U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,419,67, 3,951,742, 3,951,743, 4,026,949) has also been reported. A formulation of zeaxanthin from
Flavobacterium multivorans
is also claimed to prevent degeneration of macula in the iris of the eye (U.S. Pat No. 5,827,652). Astaxanthin, another carotenoid from the yeast,
Phaffia rhodozyme
(Nelis H J, De Leenheer A P 1991. Microbial sources of carotenoid pigments used in foods and feeds. J of Appl Bacteriol 70, 181-191) has been reported to be useful as growth promoters Another group of pigments like menaquinones extracted from bacteria have also been used for various applications. A process has been claimed for the preparation of menaquinone-containing substance from
Bacillus subtilis
in food and drink preparations for osteoporosis therapy (JP-11032787). Pigments from Brevibacterium species have been used in the dairy products especially for ripening and flavouring cheese (Reyser ET, Maisnier-Patin S, Gratadoux J J & Richard J 1994. Isolation and identification of cheese smear bacteria inhibitory to Listeria spp. Int. J Food Microbiol. 21, 237-246) and production of menatetrone (JP-63267283; JP-61173792; EP-202613).
Japanese Patent No. 95-05169, titled: “Cosmetic containing fermented Streptomyces sp.” describes “a new cosmetic preparation contains fermentation broth from Streptomyces sp. G172 (FERM P-13630), grown in culture medium at 25-30 deg for 4-7 days. The fermentation broth is extracted and purified to form a clear solution. The cosmetic is useful for whitening skin, or as a sunscreen. In an example G172 was grown at 25 deg for 5 days, centrifuged and maintained at −20 deg overnight to give a precipitate. The precipitate was filtered, and a skin lotion was prepared from the fermentation broth (10 wt. %), glycerol (5%), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (1.5%), ethanol (10%), fragrance, antioxidant, antiseptic, pigment and purified water (6pp)”.
Japanese Patent No. JP 07010736; 13.01.95; 128:66319 Coupland, Keith; Packer, Clarie Elizabeth (Croda International PLC; Coupland, Keith; Packer, Claire Elizabeth, UK) titled: “Sunscreen compositions comprising stearidonic acid and derivatives in combination with a UV blocking and/or absorbing material”, describes “A sunscreen composition comprising a stearidonic acid, or a physiol. deriv. thereof, in combination with a UV blocking and/or UV absorbing material, is claimed. Also stearidonic acid may be used to treat inflammation caused by exposure to UV radiation, by exposure to sunlight or by burns. Thus, 10 kg of the seeds of Echium plantagineum were crushed and the oil was extracted with 15 L of petroleum ether. The petroleum ether extract was evaporated to yield 1741 g of golden yellow oil. The oil was converted to the corresponding fatty acid Me esters and used in sunscreens. A sunscreen oil was prepared containing Bu methoxydibenzoyl methane 2.0, octyl methoxy-cinnamate 7.5, benzophenone-3 4 5, PPG-2 myristyl ether propionate 10.0, above oil 2.0-10.0, perfumes, preservatives, and caprylic/capric triglycerides q.s. 100%.
Sophie Maisnier-patin and J. Richard, Station de Recherches Laitieres, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Joses, France, (Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 1995, p.1847-1852); titled:
Activity and Purification of Linenscin OC
2
, an Antibacterial Substance
Produced by
Brevibacterium linens
OC2, an Orange Cheese Coryneform Bacterium, describes: An orange cheese coryneform bacterium isolated from the surface of Gruyere of Comte and identified as
Brevibacterium linens
produces an antimicrobial substance designated linenscin OC2. This compound inhibits gram-positive food-borne pathogens including
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Listeria monocytogenes
but is
Bharathi Ponnapakkam Adikesavan Loka
Chandramohan Dorairajasingham
Nair Shanta
Cooper & Dunham LLP
Counsel of Scientific & Industrial Research
Davis Ruth A.
Lankford , Jr. Leon B.
White John P.
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