Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Alicyclic compound synthesis – Carotene or derivative
Patent
1995-08-30
1998-09-22
Caldarola, Glenn A.
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Alicyclic compound synthesis
Carotene or derivative
C07C40300, C07C40324
Patent
active
058116095
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a powdered, water-dispersible carotenoid preparation in the form of discrete carotenoid microparticles.
The carotenoids form a group of organic chemical compounds which have colours varying from yellow to red and which are widely used as dyes. Examples of carotenoids which are suitable as dyes are .beta.-carotene, lycopene, bixin, zeaxanthine, cryptoxanthine, lutein, canthaxantine, astaxanthine, .beta.-apo-8'-carotenal, .beta.-apo-12'-carotenal and derivatives thereof.
Carotenoids are also suitable for use in pharmaceutical preparations and in food products and feeds.
The carotenoids which are insoluble in water are sensitive to oxidation, and it is well-known to encapsulate carotenoid particles in various matrix materials which have been selected in such a manner that the matrix material is dissolved and releases the carotenoid particles when the encapsulated particles are stirred into a suitable medium at a suitable temperature, for example water or artificial intestinal juice.
It is well-known that the colour intensity of a carotenoid dye or pigment which is dispersed in an aqueous medium increases with decreasing particle size and that also the bioavailability of biologically active carotinoides increases with decreasing particle size.
Numerous attempts have been made to improve the colour intensity and the bioavailability of carotenoid preparations. Thus, DK patent specification No. 154395 discloses a process for the preparation of finely divided powdered carotenoid preparations in which the carotenoid has a particle size of below 5 .mu.m by dissolving the carotenoid in a volatile water-immiscible organic solvent and by mixing the solution thus obtained with an aqueous solution of a colloid so as to cause colloid-disperse particles to be precipitated and by subsequently separating the particles from the solvent.
CH-A-523 024 discloses another process which is based on the use of a solvent for the carotenoid. In said process the carotenoid is dissolved in a vitamin A, vitamin E or a derivative thereof and the solution thus obtained is emulsified in an aqueous solution, whereafter the emulsion is converted into a dry powder by spray drying.
This prior art process suffers from the drawback that an organic solvent has to be used in the preparation of the carotenoid powder. This is undesirable when the carotenoid is to be used in medicines or food products.
In another well-known process, cf. EP patent application No. 0410236-A2 for the preparation of colloid-disperse carotenoid preparations a suspension of a carotenoid in a high-boiling oil is contacted with superheated steam for a period of no more than 30 seconds whereafter the mixture thus obtained is emulgated in an aqueous mixture of a colloid and the emulsion thus obtained is sprayed and dried.
A significant drawback of this prior art process is that the carotenoid preparation formed inevitably contains the high-boiling oil used. In this manner the maximum obtainable concentration of the carotenoid in the encapsulated product is limited.
The process of the invention comprises the steps of milling a carotenoid in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocolloid to form a suspension and finely dividing and drying the suspension thus obtained so as to form a powder, and the process is characterized in heating the suspension formed by the milling to a temperature sufficiently high to cause a total or partial melting of the carotenoid and subsequently cooling the suspension before it is converted into a powder.
The invention is based on the discovery that the above-mentioned heat treatment results in a product in which the carotenoid is present in essentially amorphous state which has been demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and that the amorphous carotenoid thus formed has a higher bioavailability than crystalline carotenoid.
The heating of the suspension of milled cartenoide in the aqueous hydrocolloid solution is preferably effected at a temperature slightly above the melting point of t
REFERENCES:
patent: 5453447 (1995-09-01), End et al.
Jensen Nina Musaeus
Krag-Andersen Sven
Vilstrup Per
Caldarola Glenn A.
Danochemo A/S
Ghyka Alexander G.
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