Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment – Containment – Solidification – vitrification – or cementation
Patent
1996-08-28
1999-03-02
Straub, Gary P.
Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
Containment
Solidification, vitrification, or cementation
588206, 588207, 210759, 210908, A62D 300, C02F 172
Patent
active
058773894
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
A subject of the present invention is a catalytic process for the oxidative degradation of organic compounds which are difficult to oxidize present in aqueous effluents.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Protection of the environment, a major preoccupation of our age, involves the decontamination of aqueous effluents from the chemical and related industries which contain organic compounds which are, to a greater or lesser extent, toxic to flora and fauna and to man.
For a long time, reliance has been placed on the natural degradation of chemical compounds under the effect of microorganisms to solve the problem posed by the presence of these compounds. Biodegradation often proves to be insufficient when the amount of effluent becomes too large and/or when aqueous discharges contain compounds which are not or only slightly biodegradable, by oxidation in particular. This is the reason why it has become essential to make available to industry processes which make possible the removal or degradation of the toxic compounds present in aqueous effluents to compounds which are non-toxic and/or readily biodegradable, before discharging the said effluents into water courses.
Many processes have been provided for this purpose. Thus, the oxidative degradation of organic compounds is a means which is often recommended for the treatment of aqueous effluents. A description has been given, in French Patent No. 88 09169, published under No. 2,633,925, of a process for the oxidative degradation of benzyl alcohols and of organic compounds related to benzyl alcohols, which comprises the treatment of the said compounds with a water-soluble peroxide oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide and alkali metal persulphates, in the presence of an iron or manganese chelate derived from a porphyrin and, if appropriate, of a nitrogenous base, such as pyridine or imidazole or their derivatives.
A description has been given, in French Patent No. 89 16690, published under No. 2,655,774, of an analogous process for the oxidative degradation of aromatic compounds which are difficult to oxidize, in particular of chlorinated derivatives, such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, by means of water-soluble peroxides in the presence of water-soluble metallomesotetraphenylporphyrins derived more particularly from iron and manganese. Recourse to metalloporphyrins which have been rendered water-soluble by the presence of ionic substituents (sulpho or quaternary ammonium groups) makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the catalyst but has the disadvantage of complicating, indeed of rendering impossible, the recovery of the catalyst, which contributes to increasing the cost of the process and to adding a pollutant to the treated effluent. In order to retain the advantage of the homogeneous-phase catalyst without having the disadvantages thereof, the suggestion has been made to attach the metalloporphyrins to ionic resins and in particular to resins containing guaternary ammonium groups, in the case of metalloporphyrins containing sulpho substituents. In this way, the supported metalloporphyrins can be easily recovered by simple filtration and recycled or else the effluents can simply be treated continuously on a supported catalyst bed. Provision has been made for the use, as catalytic resin, of polyvinylpyridinium or of copolymers of styrene containing quaternary ammonium groups, such as styrene/chloromethylstyrene copolymers quaternized by a trialkylamine and crosslinked. However, the best catalytic activities were obtained with potassium monopersulphate as oxidizing agent and by using metalloporphyrins attached to resins of polyvinylpyridinium type (cf. G. Labat and B. Meunier, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 311 (1990), p. 625). Oxidation of trichlorophenol is slower with hydrogen peroxide than with an alkali metal monopersulphate (cf. G. Labat et al., Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., vol. 29 (1990), p. 1471).
Provision has also been made for the replacement of metalloporphyrins, products which are particularly expensive, by less expensive water-soluble me
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patent: 5552603 (1996-09-01), Yan
Meunier Bernard
Seris Jean-Louis
Sorokin Alexander
Elf Aquitaine
Straub Gary P.
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