Power plants – Combustion products used as motive fluid
Patent
1996-09-06
1998-09-08
Casaregola, Louis L.
Power plants
Combustion products used as motive fluid
60 3952, F02C 334
Patent
active
058028404
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process for the low-pollutant conversion of fossil fuels into mechanical power with the aid of expansion engines such as gas turbines and steam turbines as well as internal combustion engines.
The invention can be applied to the conversion of the chemical enthalpy of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, for example bound to low-nitrogen combustion gases or fuel gases from solid fuels, refuse and biomasses, natural gas, fuel oil, gasoline, methanol, liquified gases and others, into mechanical power for driving generators for the generation of electrical energy, vehicles and working machines.
2. Description of Related Art
The state of the art of cyclic processes and expansion engines is very advanced and diversified. The most recent thermodynamic process combinations of power station technology are described, inter alia, in the VDI Report 1065 of September 1993. In the state of the art, a distinction is still being made between open and closed power processes which operate with different working media.
The advantage of the closed cyclic processes is that these can utilize the enthalpy fed to the cyclic process down to the level of the ambient temperature. The obstacle is that the process energy must be fed to the cyclic process by indirect heat transfer, which is associated with a high energy loss.
In open cyclic processes, as in gas turbine processes, the process energy is fed in directly by integrated combustion. To this end, open cyclic processes have the disadvantage that a considerable fraction of the process energy fed in is removed from the cyclic process with the working medium.
Advantages and disadvantages of the open and closed cyclic processes have led to the coupling of open and closed cyclic systems by indirect heat transfer. The best-known combinations are the gas/steam power stations.
Such a gas turbine process is known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,613. In this process, fossil fuel is burned in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine with oxygen which is fed by means of the compressor of the gas turbine installation as a mixture with recycled gas turbine exhaust gas. The gas turbine exhaust gas is, before its processing to give liquid carbon dioxide or recirculation, cooled in a waste heat boiler which generates steam for a steam turbine.
Water is the most widely used working medium for closed power processes. The disadvantage of these power processes operating with water as the working medium is the mean temperature level of the heat supply to the process, since the high heat capacity of vaporization strongly influences and lowers the mean temperature of the heat supply. This specific defect of the working medium is partially compensated by the design of processes with supercritical states of steam. This is tied, however, to steam pressures of around 25.0 MPa and higher, which limits the possible steam temperature to less than 600.degree. C.
The most widely used working medium for open cyclic processes, such as are designed with gas turbine installations, is air. A gas, that is to say in most cases air at ambient parameters, is fed to the cyclic process, the gas being compressed in the cyclic process and its temperature then being raised by combustion of a fuel with excess oxygen. The subsequent expansion drives a mechanism which provides mechanical power, lowers the pressure and the temperature of the working medium which is released with at least ambient pressure from the cyclic process into the surroundings, the temperature of the working medium being in most cases much higher than that of the surroundings.
Even with the most modern process design, both steam power processes and gas turbine processes reach, due to their working media, net power station efficiencies of about 40% individually and up to 50% in combination.
Most thermal power stations provide the requisite process heat by the combustion of fossil fuels. This generates carbon dioxide and water vapor as well as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
REFERENCES:
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patent: 3775976 (1973-12-01), Karig
patent: 4434613 (1984-03-01), Stahl
patent: 4498289 (1985-02-01), Osgerby
patent: 4528811 (1985-07-01), Stahl
Schoeberl, "Prozesse und Komponten der Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung mit Gas-und Dampfturbinen", Berichte Nr., No. 1065:1-11, (1993).
Charlier, "GuD-Kraftwerke in Der Kommunalen Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung", Berichte Nr., No. 1065:87-107, (1993).
Perkavec, "Kraft-Waerme-Kopplungs-Anlagen in Der Industrie", Berichte Nr., No. 1065:171-173, (1993).
Casaregola Louis L.
CRG Kohlenstoffrecycling GES.mbH
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