Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Plant cell or cell line – per se ; composition thereof;... – Culture – maintenance – or preservation techniques – per se
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-01
2003-07-01
Campell, Bruce R. (Department: 1661)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Plant cell or cell line, per se ; composition thereof;...
Culture, maintenance, or preservation techniques, per se
C435S430000, C435S410000, C047S05900R
Reexamination Certificate
active
06586248
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the induction of normal rooting on nodal and internodal stem segments without using hormones and/or other chemical treatments in Mentha species. The invention more particularly provides a new and easy system of inducing normal roots on plant cuttings thereby leading to large scale production of propagules ready for field plantation of mints (Mentha species).
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Mentha species, constitute not only the major essential oil crops of global significance but also serve as some of the chief culinary herbs. The essential oils extracted from the herb biomass is extracted through hydro-distillation. The volatile oil is a complex mixture of mainly monoterpenoids. The oils per se or their specific constituents find extensive use in a large cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries all over the world. Some of the highly functionalized monoterpenoidal constituents of the oil serve as novel synthagens for various chemcial industries. Different Mentha species serve as source of one or more of the popular natural phytochemicals like menthol, linalool, linalyl acetate, carvone, menthone etc. The ever increasing demand and utility of the oils or their specific constituents from the impetus of their increased significance as crops of choice for profitable agro-business. Furthermore, some of the species are as such consumed as ingredients of foods, spices and culinary herbal formulations etc. like
Mentha piperita, Mentha virdis
etc.
Many commercial Mentha species (e.g.
Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita
) are propagated from subterranean suckers, stolons, etc. An area, preferably pertaining to the best land, of the previous crop is saved after second harvest (August) which during winter period produce underground suckers. In practice, in the months of January and February i.e., ending winters, the suckers are dug out, cut into about one inch pieces and directly planted in to the field and the new crop is irrigated immediately. The suckers thus sown take about 18 to 30 days to sprout (Kumar et al. 1997, CIMAP—Farm Bulletin Number 004). However, the ‘above ground canopy’ of the sucker-crop remains useless. It has never been explored for development of propagules concurrently for the new crop plantation. Thus, no state of the art already exists concerning the utilization and development of the aerial plant canopy as propagules for the plantation.
Rooting in mints and other plants under in vitro conditions is known to be induced by hormonal (auxins, IAA, IBA, NAA, BA, gibbrellins, cytokinin etc.) treatment and/or under culture media (e.g. MS medium, Murashige et al. 1962, Physiol. Plant. 15:473-497; LS medium, Linsmayer and Skoog 1965, Physiol. Plant 18:100-127) consisting of a number of ingredients including anions, cations, carbohydrates, nitrogenous compounds, vitamins, and singal metabolites like Ca
2+
, inositols etc. (Kukreja et al., 1991 J. Essential Oil Res. 4:623-629; Kukreja et al. 1992 Euphytica 53:183-192; Faure et al. 1998, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 52:204-212; Krasnyanski et al. 1998, Theor.App. Genet. 96:683-687, Rao et al. 1998, Plant Cell Rep. 17:861-865). The rooting in dicots, may also be induced by infective method i.e., with the help of
Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
However, the roots (so called ‘hairy roots’) so obtained are not physiologically and genetically normal and native and behave differently (Banerjee et al., 1995, Curr. Res. Med. Aromatic Plants 17:348-378). Rooting in plant shoots and twigs have also been propagated under defined nutrient solutions like Hoagland Solutions, Johnsons Nutrient Solutions of various concentration-strengths have been used for long-term plant maintenance hydroponically and for root growth (Hoagland and Arnon, 1938 Circ. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stat. 347:32, Wickremesinhe and Arteca, 1994 Plant Sci. 101:125-135), however, rooting initiation under complete nutrient minus aqueous mileau has not come into knowledge hitherto. The patent hitherto (Driver, U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,725 dated Sep. 23, 1986; Wochok et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,000 dated Oct. 23, 1984; Dobres et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,782 dated Dec. 1, 1998; Nishigori JP 7222536 dated Aug. 22, 1995) do not cover in vitro Rooting Induction (nodal and internodal) under the specified nutrient free conditions. The patent literature for plants in general and mints in particular lacks the method of rapid and direct induction of roots in stems, stem segments, multiple shoots etc. under complete nutrient free aqueous conditions invented herein. The ‘aerial roots’ have not been produced and represent a new phenomenon of their induction through the invented process of treatment in mint species.
The invented protocol does not require special chemicals, hormones, micro organisms etc. for induction of rooting in stem, twigs or stem segments of Mentha species (
Mentha citrata, Mentha piperita, Mentha cardiaca, Mentha spicata, Mentha arvensis, Mentha virdis, Mentha pulegium,
and
Mentha longifolia.
The roots obtained by the invented protocol are genetically native and physiologically normal.
The method also provides a way to avoid exposure of the plant or plant part to numerous chemicals essentially supplemented in tissue culture media or nutrient solutions or other recipes/formulations of combinations of chemicals and hormones for bringing about rooting in vitro.
The invention is not only economically inexpensive but also technically feasible to be accomplished as and when desired with minimal infrastructural prerequisites. As a synergistic utility, the ‘above the ground’ canopy of the plants, besides the underground suckers, can be processed through the invented mode to produce rooted propagules to serve as plantlets for the new crop plantation. These propagules possess better and faster establishment behaviour to rapidly resume normal growth thereby offering agronomic advantage. Compared to 18 to 30 days required for sprouting of planted suckers, the root initiation in stem segments by the invention becomes visible within a week.
The juvenile roots could be particularly useful for the specialized physiological and biochemical studies concerning root-shoot interactions, ion uptakes and metabolic precursor feeding and transformations etc.
Additionally, it provides a way of producing rooting in tissue culture raised multiple shoots, required in biotechnological research as well as field transfer of the culture generated variants, clones, transformants etc.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the invention is to provide a process for the induction of normal rooting on nodal and internodal stem segments without using hormones and/or other chemical treatments in Mentha species which obviates the drawbacks of the earlier processes as detailed above.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and easy system of rapid and production of normal roots in stem cuttings of Mentha species thereby leading to large scale production of propagule ready for the field plantation.
Still another object of the invention is producing aerial roots at the non-submerged inter-nodes of the twigs of Mentha species dipped in water under specified conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the above objectives, the invention provides a process for the induction of normal rooting on nodal and internodal stem segments without using hormones and/or other chemical treatments in Mentha species which comprises oblique excision of shoots of Mentha species from the plants, immediately dipping the cut end of twigs or stems into water and keeping in complete dark for up to one week with by varying the temperature cycle for each set of 24 hours duration of the treatment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention discloses a process for the induction of normal roots on nodes and internodes of stem segments without using hormones and/or other chemical treatments in Mentha species. Mentha species, constitute not only the major essential oil crop of the global significance but also serves as some of the chief culinary
Kumar Sushil
Sangwan Neelam Singh
Sangwan Rajender Singh
Campell Bruce R.
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
Foley & Lardner
Hwu June
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