Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Conducting fluid
Patent
1986-03-10
1987-09-01
Duggan, Donovan F.
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Conducting fluid
H02N 402
Patent
active
046911308
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the generation of a plasma according to the preamble of Claim 1, and to an MHD generator by heating a flowing gas.
An MHD generator serves to generate electrical power directly from thermal energy without mechanically moved parts. The thermally ionized gas necessary for this purpose is, in general, generated externally and injected into the MHD generator. In this connection the heat needed for the heating of the gas is supplied from fossil fuels or nuclear reactors. As a result of the initial Hall effect a voltage, which can be tapped off by means of electrodes and fed to a load, is induced perpendicularly to the gas flow and to the magnetic field direction. The gas emerging still has such a high temperature that it is still capable of supplying the energy for a conventional thermoelectric process. The use of an MHD generator for obtaining energy is therefore very effective.
The use of an MHD generator for the generation of electric power is, however, at the present time still associated with great difficulties since, on the one hand, the devices for the heating up of the gas have to be made available and on the other hand, the temperatures of the plasma produce a severe stressing of the materials.
The object of the invention is therefore to provide a process or an MHD generator in which no external gas plasma source is needed and the generation of electric power is made possible in an economical manner.
For the generation of a hot plasma and/or of an electric current a flow cavity is provided for this purpose which is constructed as a spatially shaped flow system with an enclosed flow field. This flow system at the same time comprises at least two flow channels which enclose a common space, there being generated in each case a gas flow which moves in approximately helical paths rotating in the same direction around the flux lines of the axial magnetic field towards the common space, in the region of which a turbulent current centre is formed which permits the heating up of the gases flowing in and out to form a plasma.
The MHD generator may, in particular, be constructed in a manner such that the flow cavity is tetrahedral with fow channels directed tetrahedrally to one another. A symmetrical arrangement of the flow cavity of this type makes possible the generation of a plasma sphere in the region of the central point of the tetrahedron with spikelike spurs which is supported magnetohydrodynamically in an environment of opposite polarity. The spatial and the functional combination of the helical gas flow flowing in and the hot gas flow flowing out permits a direct recovery of heat during the process. As a result of the spherical containment of the plasma in the interior of the flow cavity the plasma is in addition limited and makes possible a permanent enclosure of a very high temperature plasma. The said enclosure can be promoted by a stray magnetic field which leaves the central region of the flow cavity field-free with the result that the central plasma is not retarded in its movement, and a steep magnetic field gradient towards the magnetic field ensures that the plasma is not disturbed and therefore preferentially organizes itself. A strong electrodynamic coupling in of hydrodynamic energy into the central plasma can consequently be achieved with the result that relatively high plasma densities of the contained plasma can be achieved. The particular advantage of a central plasma of this type consists in the fact that the technological and thermal wall problems are reduced. Moreover, the energy of the gases flowing out can be used to preheat the helical gas flows, and/or to generate electrical energy by means of Laval nozzles which are disposed at the gas exit orifices of the flow channels. The flow cavity can furthermore be used as a combustion chamber by giving it a two-shell construction and providing a fuel supply device.
The flow cavity can also be constructed as a circular cylindrical flow chamber with two opposite flow channels which are disp
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