Process for the generation of high capacity pulses from an induc

Details Process for the generation of high capacity pulses from an induc Process for the generation of high capacity pulses from an induc

1982-08-20

1984-04-03

Goldberg, E. A.

Electrical transmission or interconnection systems

Wave form or wave shape determinative or pulse-producing...

With rectification or derectification

307108, 363129, H03K 300

Patent

active

044410336

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a process for the generation of high capacity pulses from an inductive power storage device, connected for the storage of energy with a source of current, together with an electric circuit for the embodiment of a preferred application of said process.


DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Electric high capacity pulses with capacities within a range of 10 MW to 1 GW are used in highly different fields of technology, for example in the testing of switches and nonlinear resistance arresters, in high velocity processing and in particular in the noncutting deformation of metals, in pulse melting processes and for the generation of shock waves for the comminution of minerals or the disinfection of sewage. A further important application of high capacity pulses is the induction of a current in the plasma ring of an installation for nuclear fusion.
The power for the production of such pulses may be taken directly from a high capacity grid, an electric machine or a suitable storage device. As high capacity grids in general are not designed for pulse loads and therefore are not well suited for the purpose, and since usable electric machines, such as flywheel or three-phase generators, involve a large equipment outlay, the employment of relatively simple capacitive or inductive storage devices is desirable, with inductive storage devices being the more preferred for reasons of the relatively higher energy density in the magnetic field.
For the purpose of producing a high capacity pulse from an inductive storage device, the latter is initially connected with a source of direct current. As soon as a sufficiently strong magnetic field has been built up by the direct current, by means of the commutation of the current to a circuit with a higher resistance, the current in the storage inductor is very steeply reduced, leading to a change in the magnetic flux therein. The magnetic energy corresponding to this change in flux appears as an electric pulse, which is either converted fully into heat in the primary circuit or is coupled out from the circuit by the inductive action of the primary circuit for a certain application.
The known installations for the embodiment of the aforedescribed process contain a switch, having in the closed state a negligible line resistance, together with a line branch parallel to the switch, with a relatively high ohmic resistance. The direct current is commutated into the parallel branch by the opening of the switch and the resistance effects a steep change in the current, again producing a pulse. In order to enable the switch to be opened in the case of direct currents of the order of magnitude of 50 . . . 100 kA, without having an arc flattening the steepness of the change in the current or damaging the switch, a quenching circuit is connected in parallel with the switch, containing a capacitor and a spark gap connected in series with it. The potential at the capacitor is chosen so that upon the ignition of the spark gap and the discharge of the capacitor, the discharge current flowing through the switch is directed against the direct current. If all structural elements are dimensioned correctly and the ignition of the spark gap and the mechanical motion of the switch synchronized adequately, it is possible to open the switch within the period of time in which the direct current and the discharge current in the switch are practically cancelling each other out. A layout of this type and a suitable power switch are described by K. Kriechbaum in the journal "E und M" Vol. 94 (1977), p. 576 ff.
A substantial disadvantage of this process without interruption of the current from the source is that only a portion of the power available in the inductive storage device is released. Further disadvantages are the initiation of the pulse generation by the ignition of the spark gap and its synchronization with the mechanical motion of the switch, for which, in spite of an additional electronic control device, a relatively large tolerance must be allowed. Fi

REFERENCES:
patent: 3564276 (1971-02-01), Eijnsbergen
patent: 3978346 (1976-08-01), Iwata
patent: 3984751 (1976-10-01), Iwata et al.

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