Internal-combustion engines – Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series – With injection means particularly positioned relative to...
Patent
1999-04-29
2000-12-19
Solis, Erick
Internal-combustion engines
Precombustion and main combustion chambers in series
With injection means particularly positioned relative to...
123268, 123275, 123281, F02B 1916
Patent
active
061615161
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention pertains to pre-chambers, and more particularly to pre-chambers which are open at the end that empties into the cylinder or cylinders of an alternative internal-combustion engine, preferably of the in-line type.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
These pre-chambers have been described by the same applicant in previous applications in which it was disclosed that, in order to determine their operation, it was necessary to inject into them the fuel that was required to saturate, with a preset richness, at least part of the mass of air contained therein.
The combustion of the mixture, thereby projecting the combusted gases into the remaining air contained in the cylinders into which fuel is not injected, takes place at a fairly low temperature and in the presence of a sufficient surplus of air (.lambda.=4-10) to guarantee that there will be no polluting components such as CO and NO.sub.x, in the exhaust gases.
Even though the principle has been shown to be valid, tests conducted on prototypes have revealed a drawback that makes it very difficult to achieve a percentage of pollutants and uncombusted products that is effectively equal to zero.
This is due to the fact that, after the "primary" combustion phase in the pre-chamber, the bulk of the uncombusted residues contained therein cools down, under the action of the simultaneous expansion due to the corresponding travel of the piston, to temperatures below their ignition limit without any force having been able to eject them into the cylinders and therefore, ultimately, without having had a chance to undergo the "secondary combustion" that is characteristic of the kind of engines in question here which offer the results promised above.
In other words, with a generic process for saturation of the pre-chamber, results are achieved with regard to the composition of the exhaust gases that are better than with conventional engines but that do not effectively reach zero as regards the total percentage of undesirable components.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Other examples of the prior art differ from that disclosed by the present application and they do not even merely mention the features on which it is based, mainly because their aim was different: aims of the present application are in fact to keep the temperature of combustion of the flame below the NO.sub.x formation temperature of 1500-1600.degree. K., as well as to fully scavenge the pre-chamber after the combustion end, whereas, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,024,193 and 4,926,818 are aimed to better ignite the remaining mixture inside the cylinders, and Great Britain Patent 2 123 482 is aimed to better mix fuel with the total volume of air contained inside a pre-chamber for enhancing the combustion.
Other examples of the prior art differ from that disclosed by the present application and they do not even merely mention the features on which it is based, mainly because their aim was different: aims of the present application are in fact to keep the temperature of combustion of the flame below the 1500.degree. K., as well as to fully scavenge the pre-chamber after the combustion end, whereas, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,193 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,818 are aimed to better ignite the remaining mixture inside the cylinders, and Pat. GB-A-2 123 482 is aimed to better mix fuel with the total volume of air contained inside a pre-chamber for enhancing the combustion.
The inventor of this invention has devised a process for saturating a pre-chamber and for igniting the mixture that avoids the above-mentioned drawbacks and guarantees a percentage of pollutants in the exhaust gas that is effectively equal to zero.
The inventor has, in fact, devised a process in which, by injecting a liquid or gaseous fuel, stratification is achieved of the mixture with variable richness levels along the axis of the pre-chamber with a portion of the volume of air contained therein which basically does not mix with the fuel and which, by expanding during the return of the piston, pushes the co
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