Process for the dyeing of a textile substrate

Details Process for the dyeing of a textile substrate Process for the dyeing of a textile substrate

1998-01-22

1999-10-26

Einsmann, Margaret

Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification

Confined gas phase superatmospheric pressure dyeing process

8922, 81492, 8155, 8611, D06P 354, D06P 700

Patent

active

059720450

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is directed to a method for the dyeing of a textile substrate, particularly for the dyeing of yarn consisting of polyester, with the characteristics of the generic part of patent claim 1.
In the textile finishing usually textile substrate are dyed in aqueous systems, whereby for example for the dyeing of fabrics, yarns, filaments or fibres of polyester generally disperse dyes are used which, however, are in soluble in aqueous systems. This causes the fact that at the beginning of the dyeing a monomolecular dispersion of the dye has to be manufactured in aqueous systems from the disperse dye being generally insoluble in aqueous systems with the aid of a corresponding dispersing agent. The known dyeing in an aqueous system does not only require the adding of corresponding dispersing agents but causes at the same time a high environmental stress which can be referred to the fact that, on one hand, a relatively high amount of water is necessary and that thus a correspondingly high amount of effluent emerges and that, on the other hand, a reductive further cleansing has to be carried out in order to obtain acceptable fastnesses for medium and dark color shades, whereby the amount of effluent is increased again.
In order to avoid the afore described and examplarily mentioned disadvantages, it is proposed to exchange the water being required for the transport of the dye by a supercritical fluid in the case of a usual dyeing.
A method with the characteristics of the generic part of patent claim 1 is known from the DE 39 06 724. In the known method the textile substrate to be correspondingly dyed is hereby arranged in an autoclave and perfused, respectively superfused, by the supercritical fluid containing at least one dye, whereby the supercritical fluid is introduced continuously into the autoclave by a circulation system of the autoclave and also drawn out of the autoclave, in order to cause this way the desired perfusion, respectively superfusion, of the textile substrate to be dyed. In addition to the required pumps and the corresponding tube conducts, for example heat exchangers and/or dye-preparing vessels can be located within this circulation system.
After the supercritical fluid containing the at least one dye has perfused, respectively superfused, the textile substrate for a given time, according to the known method, a pressure decrease, temperature decrease and/or volume change occurs at the end of the dyeing, in order to thus convert the supercritical fluid into the corresponding gas.
The DE-OS 39 06 724 points out an essential advantage of the method described therein which can renounce on a reductive cleansing for dyeing and disperse dyes even in the case of medium and dark color shades, without risking hereby a deterioration of the color fastnesses. This statement may be correct for laboratory dyeings described in the DE-OS 39 06 724, but it did not prove to be correct for the highly technical realisation of the dyeing of textile substrates, particularly such substrates that contain polyester. Hereby it was observed that the afore mentioned substrates dyed with at least one disperse dye showed bad color fastnesses after having been dyed in a supercritical fluid, so that such a dyed textile substrate, particularly in a medium and dark color shade, could not be traded without being additionally treated again.
The present invention has the object to dispose a method of the mentioned kind for the dyeing of textile substrates in a supercritical fluid at a high level of color fastness.
According to the invention, this object is realised by a method with the significant characteristics of patent claim 1.
The inventive method for the dyeing of a textile substrate, particularly for the dyeing of yarns consisting of polyester with disperse dyes provides that the substrate to be dyed is arranged within an autoclave where it is perfused, respectively superfused, with a supercritical fluid containing at least one dye. Hereby the supercritical fluid is transported continuously by the circula

REFERENCES:
patent: 5199956 (1993-04-01), Schlenker et al.
patent: 5269815 (1993-12-01), Schlenker et al.
"Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Finishing Process," D. Knittel, W. Saus, and E. Schollmeyer, Journal of the Textile Institute, No. 4, pp. 534-552 (Oct. 1993).
"Activiteennoblissment," L'Industrie Textile, No. 1233, p. 58 (June. 1992).

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