Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heavy metal containing
Patent
1992-06-17
1993-11-02
Dees, Jose G.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heavy metal containing
556 98, C07F 722
Patent
active
052585310
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a process for the direct synthesis of organotin compounds of the general formula including mixtures of such compounds and their use.
The synthesis of organotin compounds, in particular organotin chlorides of the above-mentioned formula (1) is customarily predominantly carried out industrially according to the following methods:
In the direct synthesis from tin metal according to the reaction equation (2) indicated in the following the balance is on the left side, and any significant yields of desired compounds cannot be obtained without suited catalysts. alkyl chlorides and/or tin metal:
Moreover, autocomproportioning reactions are also possible:
Thus the following compounds:
In this case, all these compounds are of an industrially usable importance since they can be converted to desired final products by means of known reactions:
If one or several of the aforementioned secondary reactions take place together with the main reaction or overlay the same, variable amounts of tin halide (SnCl.sub.2) are formed, which in turn can be recovered alone or used for further reactions.
Processes of the direct synthesis of organotin halides have already been described in numerous patents, in particular using alkyl bromides and iodides as starting halides.
It is known, e.g. from U.S. Pat. No. 3,857,868, that the reaction of the direct synthesis is promoted by the presence of tertiary amines and/or quaternary ammonium salts, it being possible that the latter ones are formed "in situ" from the used tertiary amine and the used alkyl halide.
The reaction is furthermore promoted by the presence of polar solvents and/or catalysts which are capable of reacting with the tin. For this purpose, alcohols, esters or amines are occasionally used. In the direct synthesis of alkyl tin halides, alkyl chlorides have a low reactivity with respect to metallic tin as compared with the corresponding alkyl bromines and iodides. The reaction rate and the yield of desired reaction product increases furthermore with increasing number of the C atoms in the alkyl chain within the alkyl chlorides, it being already difficult to carry out the direct synthesis in the case of the use of C.sub.4 alkyl chloride (butyl chloride). The alkyl tin chlorides are therefore produced industrially from tin tetrachloride by means of reaction with trialkyl aluminum compounds, Grignard synthesis or modified Wurtz synthesis, which requires a considerable additional expenditure of costs and process steps.
The present invention is based on the object of making available a process for the direct synthesis of organotin compounds using alkyl chlorides with four or more C atoms, which can be carried out simply and with good yield.
This object is accomplished according to the invention by a process for the type mentioned at the beginning, which is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of amines of the general formula ].sub.3-a ].sub.4-b.sup.Cl aryl, alkyl aryl or substituted aryl and, if a=2, or b=2 or 3, the R.sup.1 groups may be the same or different; substituted aryl or alkyl aryl; and
The present invention relates in particular to the direct synthesis of organotin compounds starting from alkyl chlorides, the use of which has been more difficult so far due to their lower reactivity than that of the corresponding bromides and iodides and offers moreover the advantage of the use of less expensive starting substances, namely alkyl chlorides, without it having to be worked under pressure as this is necessary, as a rule, with alkyl halides with less than 4 C atoms in the alkyl part due to their low boiling points.
It became surprisingly apparent according to the invention that the direct synthesis of organotin compounds can be carried out very effectively and efficiently by means of the reaction of metallic tin with alkyl chlorides, if the reaction is carried out in the presence of amines of the aforementioned formula A or ammonium chlorides of the aforementioned formula B. In the case of the use of the
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Malguzzi Romualdo
Puerzer Albert W.
Rosenthal Michael
Sandri Maurizio
Baerlocher GmbH
Dees Jos,e G.
Nazario-Gonzalez Porfirio
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