Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Oxygen containing
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-20
2002-10-22
Richter, Johann (Department: 1621)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Oxygen containing
C568S857000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06469221
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of 1, 4 butynediol to 1, 4 butanediol, or a mixture of 1, 4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1, 4 butanediol, or a mixture of 1, 4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol (in different compositions) in a fixed bed reactor using a platinum supported calcium carbonate catalyst.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1, 4 butenediol is a useful intermediate in the production of pesticide, insecticide and vitamin B6. Being an unsaturated diol it can be used in the synthesis of many organic products such as tetrahydrofuran, n-methyl pyrrolidione, &ggr;-butyrolactone, etc. It is also used as an additive in the paper industry, as a stabiliser in resin manufacture, as a lubricant for bearing systems and in the synthesis of allyl phosphates. 1, 4 butanediol also has a variety of applications such as in the preparation of polyurethane foams and other polyesters as well as in the preparation of tetrahydrofuran.
Prior art discloses the use of a number of catalysts for the manufacture of 1, 4 butenediol by the hydrogenation of 1, 4 butynediol. Most of the prior art patents are based on a combination of palladium with one or more mixed compounds of copper, all zinc, calcium, cadmium, lead, alumna, mercury, tellurium, gallium, etc. GB A 871804 describes the selective hydrogenation of acetylinic compound in a suspension method using a Pd catalyst which has been treated with the salt solutions of Zn, Cd, Hg, Ga, Th, In, or Ga. The process is carried out at milder conditions with 97% selectivity for cis 1,2-butenediol and 3% to the trans form. Moreover, additional amines are used in this process.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,681,938 discloses the use of a Lindlar catalyst (lead doped Pd catalyst), for the selective hydrogenation of acetylinic compounds. The drawback of this process is the use of additional amines such as pyridine to obtain good selectivity for 1, 4 butenediol.
German patent DE 1, 213, 839 describes a Pd catalyst doped with Zn salts and ammonia for the partial hydrogenation of acetylinic compounds. However, this catalyst suffers from the drawback of short lifetime due to poisoning.
German patent application DE-A 2, 619, 660 describes the use of Pd/Al
2
O
3
catalyst that has been treated with carbon monoxide for the hydrogenation of butynediol in an inert solvent. The disadvantage of this catalyst is that the catalyst is treated with carbon monoxide gas which is highly toxic and difficult to handle.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,961,471 discloses a Raney nickel catalyst useful for the partial hydrogenation of 1, 4 butynediol. The catalyst of this process gives a low selectivity for 1, 4 butenediol.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,953,604 describes a Pd containing charcoal and copper catalyst for the reduction of 1,4 butynediol to 1,4 butenediol with 81% selectivity for 1,4 butenediol. However, this process results in the formation of a large number of side products and is therefore undesirable.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,001,344 discloses the use of palladium mixed with &ggr;- Al
2
O
3
along with both zinc and cadmium or either zinc or cadmium together with bismuth or tellurium for the preparation of 1,4 butenediol by the selective hydrogenation of 1, 4 butynediol. However, a large number of residues are formed (7.5-12%) which lowers the selectivity of 1,4 butenediol to 88%.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,521,139 and 5,278,900 describes the use of a Pd containing catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol to prepare 1,4 butenediol. The catalyst used is a fixed bed catalyst prepared by applying Pd and Pb or Pd and Cd successively by vapor deposition or sputtering to a metal gauze or a metal foil acting as a support. In this process also the selectivity obtained for cis 1,4 butenediol is 98%. The disadvantage of this process is that a trans butenediol with residues are also obtained.
Prior art also discloses a number of catalysts for the preparation of 1,4 butanediol by the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol.
Most prior art patents are based on a combination of palladium or nickel with one or more of mixed compounds of copper, manganese, molybdenum, zirconium, etc.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,449,445 discloses a process for the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol to 1,4 butanediol with good yield using a catalyst containing Ni, Cu, and Mn on silicon dioxide. The disadvantage of this process is that when 1,4 butanediol is prepared by this process on an industrial scale, silicon dioxide is deposited in the heat exchangers and pipelines, the removal of which is a highly laborious procedure.
De OS 2,536, 276 describes the preparation of 1,4 butanediol by the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol using the oxides of Ni, Cu, Mo, and Mn.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,788 describes a process for the hydrogenation of acetylinic compounds using a catalyst containing oxides of Ni, Cu, Mo and Zr. While the process shows promising results at high temperature of upto 250° C. and pressure of 150 bar, side products such as butanol, 2-methyl 1,4 butanol, &ggr;-hydroxylactone, 4-hydroxybutaraldehyde, etc. are formed.
EP 337572 discloses a process for the preparation of alkanediols using H in the presence of cationic Pd, a corresponding anion and bidentate ligands with high selectivity for 1,4 butanediol. However, this process suffers from a major drawback in that side products such as &ggr;-hydroxy butyraldehyde are formed and expensive bidentate ligands need to be used.
EP 295435 describes a process for the preparation of 1,4 butanediol with high selectivity using a nickel acetate catalyst with the addition of C ≧2 organic acids at high temperatures (185-195° C.) and hydrogen pressure (250 bar). While the selectivity for 1,4 butanediol is good, unwanted side products such as n-butanol, hydroxybutaraldehyde, 2-methyl 1,4 butanediol, acetal and the like are formed. Moreover, the process is carried out at a very high temperature and H
2
pressure.
All the above processes for the hydrogenation of butynediol to butenediol or butanediol suffer from disadvantages such as high temperatures, pressures, formation of side products. The formation of side products and residues affect the efficiency of the process and the recovery of pure 1,4 butenediol and butanediol is difficult. An additional drawback is that the catalysts used for these processes contain more than two metals along with other promoters such as organic amines. Their preparation is cumbersome. All the reported processes also do not give complete selectivity for the desired products either 1,4 butenediol or 1,4 butanediol. The catalysts also suffer from fast deactivation due to poisoning.
The prior art literature shows that the catalysts used for the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol are mainly palladium or nickel based catalysts. There is no disclosure or report on the use of platinum based catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol to prepare 1,4 butanediol or a mixture of 1,4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol (in various compositions).
It is therefore important to obtain and/or develop catalysts that overcome the disadvantages of prior art catalysts used in the hydrogenation of 1,4 butynediol to 1,4 butanediol or a mixture of 1,4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol (in various compositions) enumerated above.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the invention is to provide a process for the preparation of diols, particularly 1, 4 butanediol or mixtures of 1,4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol (in varying proportions) by the hydrogenation of 1,4 btuynediol that is cheap and efficient.
It is another object of the invention to provide a process for the preparation of 1,4 butanediol with 100% selectivity.
It is another object of the invention to provide a process for the preparation of mixtures of 1,4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol in vrying proportions under mild reaction conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly the present invention provides a process for the conversion of 1, 4 butynediol to 1, 4 butanediol, or a mixture of 1, 4 butenediol and 1,4 butanediol comprising hydrogenating aq
Chaudhari Raghunath Vitthal
Jaganathan Rengaswamy
Rane Vilas Hari
Rode Chandrashekhar Vasant
Telkar Manisha Madhukar
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Price Elvis O.
Richter Johann
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