Surgery: light – thermal – and electrical application – Light – thermal – and electrical application
Reexamination Certificate
2001-07-24
2004-02-03
Schaetzle, Kennedy (Department: 3762)
Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application
Light, thermal, and electrical application
C607S089000, C600S554000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06685729
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the various tests in health care used to identify a diagnosis and subsequent treatment. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for testing and treating neurological inhibition by resetting sensory afferent and motor efferent nerve supply to the area in which neurological inhibition is detected.
Currently, all health professionals are trained in the use of various tests (neurologic, orthopedic, physiologic, visceral or biochemical tests) for the purpose of identifying a diagnosis and treatment. All of the aforementioned tests are excellent for the purpose that they were created. In general, their purpose is to isolate and identify a breakdown of a specific function. If that function does not break down when isolated, it is considered normal. When there is a breakdown in a specific test or function, treatment is given locally to the area of involvement. That treatment may involve one or more of the following: surgery, medication, manipulations, therapy or exercise. One or more of the above treatments will be given until the specific test or functions are considered normal.
While the basic concepts of the health profession have been described, on a more detailed level, the following will explain more specific concepts and tests necessary for understanding the present invention.
The nervous system is the network in which the body communicates. The brain is the center of the nervous system and is protected by the skull. An extension of the brain is the brain stem and spinal cord, traveling from the base of the skull to the lower back. The spinal cord is protected by the spinal vertebra. Thee are seven cervical vertebra, twelve thoracic vertebra and five lumbar vertebra. Nerves extend outward from the right and left sides of the brain, brainstem (CN I-XII) and spinal cord to the entire body. Between each vertebra, the spinal cord extends a nerve which will give nerve supply to a specific area of the body. This extension from the spinal cord is called a nerve root and is named by the level of which it exits the spinal vertebra. All nerves are then further described by the side of the body that they innervate-right or left.
The basic flow of communication within the nervous system is Sensory (body to brain) and then Motor (brain to body), and then the cycle repeats itself. This creates two basic possibilities to have dysfunction in the body. First, a break down in the communication of the sensory pathway form the body to the brain. Second, a breakdown of the motor pathway communication from the brain to the body. Traditionally there are tests designed to challenge the integrity of various aspects of one of both of these communication pathways. Examples of the sensory tests would be those testing the five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). An example of a motor test would be muscle strength. And example of both would be all deep tendon and pathological reflex tests.
This network of the nervous system extends throughout the entire body and is in constant communication with every cell in the body. External and internal stimuli are sensed and ascend toward the brain on afferent tracts. Afferent means traveling from the body toward the brain. The sensory information is processed in the spinal cord and brain and then motor commands descend to the body from the brain on efferent tracts. Efferent means traveling from the brain toward the body. The body will sense the change created by the motor commands and will send sensory information to the brain and the cycle will continue. These are the two basic channels of communication in the body, the first being the ascending sensory afferent tracts and secondly the descending motor efferent tracts.
Sensory Afferents
Every nerve in the body can receive sensory information. Only specialized nerves can receive special sensory information. The following is a list of the known sensory information recognized by the nervous system:
Vision—The ability to see (special sense of the eyes)
Smell—The ability to recognize odor (special sense of the nose)
Taste—The ability to recognize taste (special sense of the mouth)
Hearing—The ability to recognize sound (special sense of the ear)
Touch—To perceive by the tactile sense, to feel.
Light Touch—To perceive superficial tactile sense
Deep Touch—ability for deeper tissues to discern touch
Tactile Discrimination—The ability to localize two points of pressure on the surface of the skin and to identify them as discrete sensations.
Vibration—The ability to perceive vibrations transmitted through to the deep tissues.
Form Recognition—The ability to recognize from. Form is the size, shape and external appearance of anything.
Joint and Muscle Sensation—The ability to sense join and muscle position.
Conscious and Unconscious Proprioception—the concept of the nervous systems ability to be constantly aware of its posture, movement, changes in equilibrium, weight, resistance to itself and other objects relating to the body.
Pressure—Stress of force exerted on a body, as by tension, weight or pulling.
Pain—The sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Thus, pain includes not only the perception of an uncomfortable stimulus but also the response to that perception.
Temperature—The ability to recognize hot and cold
Coordination of Movements and Posture—The ability to coordinate movement and posture.
The following is a list of Cranial Nerves (CN) that send afferent sensory information form the body to the brain.
CN I—Olfactory Nerve—The special sense of smell
CN II—Optic Nerve—The special sense of vision
CN V—Trigeminal Nerve—Sensory information of the face eye nasal and oral cavities
CN VII—Facial Nerve—The special sense of taste and contributes the sense of hearing
CN VIII—Vestibulocochlear Nerve—The special sense of hearing, equilibrium and balance
CN IX—Glossopharyngeal Nerve—The special sense of taste, it also monitors blood pressure and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, sensory information from the ear, tongue, tonsils, pharynx.
CN X—Vagal Nerve—Sensory information of the dura, ear, pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera and innervate the taste buds in the epiglottis.
The following is a list of sensory afferent nerve tracts that send afferent sensory information from the body to the brain.
Dorsal Columns—mediates tactile discrimination, vibration, form recognition, join and muscle sensation, and conscious proprioception.
Ventral Spinal Thalamic Tract—mediates light touch.
Lateral Spinal Thalamic Tract—mediate fast and slow pain fibers and temperature (hot and cold)
Dorsal Spinalcerebellar Tract—mediates unconscious proprioceptive information
Ventral Spinalcerebellar Tract—mediates unconscious proprioceptive information and coordinates movements and posture of the entire lower extremity.
Cuneocerebellar Tract—Mediates unconscious proprioceptive information and coordinates movement and posture of the entire upper extremity.
Testing Sensory Function
Testing sensory function is based on traditional techniques. The goal is to test the ability and quality of the sensory afferents. Tests are usually performed on the right and left side individually. Examples include but are not limited to:
Vision—color, acuity, depth, blind spot, visual and spatial recognition
Smell—recognize different odors
Taste—recognize and localize taste, bitter, sour, sweet, salty
Hearing—recognize, localize and repeat sound, vibration via bone conduction verses air conduction
Touch—To perceive by the tactile sense, dull, sharp, rough, smooth.
Light Touch—To perceive superficial tactile sense.
Deep Touch—ability for deeper tissues to discern touch
Tactile Discrimination (Two Point Discrimination)—The ability to localize two points of pressure on the surface of the skin and to identify them as discrete sensations.
Vibration—The use of tuning forks or percussive stimulation on different parts of the body and the patient recognizing that stimulation.
Form Recognition—The ability to recognize for
Droesch Kristen
Kelly Bauersfeld Lowry & Kelly, LLP
Schaetzle Kennedy
LandOfFree
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