Plant husbandry – Process
Patent
1991-11-20
1999-01-26
Feyrer, James R.
Plant husbandry
Process
43524045, A01H 400
Patent
active
058626263
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for producing tubers of plants belonging to the genus Solanum.
PRIOR ART
Worldwide, vegetative propagation is mainly used for the production of the potato. A tuber (vegetative propagation organ) is planted, and as it grows, stolons develop from subterranean nodes (axillary buds) and the tips of the stolons become swollen, forming new tubers. (Stolon is a kind of a lateral branch but, while a terrestrial lateral branch shows negative geotropism and has similar morphology to the main stem, the subterranean stolon shows plagiotropism and elongates horizontally or in a slightly downward fashion and has no distinct leaves). These new potato tubers are then used as next generation seed potatoes or materials to be processed, or consumed as food. One seed tuber typically reproduces about 10 potato tubers.
In the field of the production of potato tubers to utilize vegetative propagation, various viral infections mediated mainly by aphides become serious problems. In seed propagating crops such as rice, barley, wheat and corn, virus infection of plants does not cause serious problems because most viruses do not transmit to the next generation through seeds formed by fertilization even if the plants are infected with a virus. In contrast, if potato plants are once infected with a virus, the virus not only multiplies in the plant itself but also transmits to the seed potatoes of the next generation. The potato plants are propagated mainly by potato tubers without fertilization, as described above, the yield of potato tubers incurres serious damage by the infection. Since it is almost impossible to remove virus particles from the tissues of the infected potato plant under natural conditions, cultivation systems that minimize viral infection have been utilized worldwide to reduce damage of viral disease. These systems basically depend on a supply of virus-free seed potatoes because, as described above, any effort to prevent viral infection becomes meaningless if a potato tuber to be planted is once infected with a virus.
The supply of such virus-free seed potatoes, varied with the area of the cultivation, has been carried out generally through the following steps; (1) creating virus-free individuals by means of an apical meristem culture, (2) acclimatizing the created virus-free individuals and preparing small tubers by means of potting, (3) cultivating these small tubers in a greenhouse in order to harvest mature tubers, (4) cultivating and re-harvesting the obtained mature tubers in the field, and (5) repeating the field cultivation step (3 to 5 times), depending on the required number of the virus-free potato tubers. Though the current worldwide production of the virus-free seed potatoes is carried out as described above, the establishment of the high standard of cultivation techniques and quarantine organization is still essential for the safe operation of the supply system because, in the current system, there is a certain danger of viral re-infection in the field. Consequently, the establishment of simpler and safer systems for the supply of seed potatoes has been awaited.
As one of these desirable systems, utilization of potato tubers prepared by means of tissue culture techniques under sterile conditions has been contemplated in various fields. In this system, potato tubers are prepared in vitro from virus-free individuals obtained by an apical meristem culture without exposing them to the exterior atmosphere in a greenhouse or in the field, and the resulting tubers are used as seed potatoes directly or after cultivating them once or twice in the field. Such potato tubers formed by the current in vitro techniques under sterile conditions are called "microtubers" because of their markedly small sizes (1 g or less in weight and 5 to 10 mm in diameter in most cases) as compared to the usual tubers (50 to 300 g).
The tubers have the following advantages. (1) These tubers are completely free from diseases including viral diseases because they are prepared
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Hayashida Kunihiro
Mamiya Kanji
Onishi Noboru
Feyrer James R.
Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha
Weseman, Esq. James C.
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