Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system – Computer graphics processing – Three-dimension
Patent
1997-05-16
1999-09-07
Zimmerman, Mark K.
Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system
Computer graphics processing
Three-dimension
345439, 348 42, 348 59, G06F 1500
Patent
active
059494204
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a process for producing spatially effective images of three-dimensional objects.
It is known that the impression of spatial depth can be perceived even on a two-dimensional image-reproduction medium, for example, a printed sheet of paper or an image screen, by presenting a so-called parallax panoramagram on the image-reproduction medium, which is then observed by an an array of lenses arranged directly in front of the image plane. The parallax panoramagram is a planar representation of the three-dimensional object, corresponding to the lens raster. Each frame shows the object from a somewhat different direction of view, so that the parallactic shift of the parts of the object through all of the frames is reproduced with observation from different directions of view.
The lens array serves for the purpose of optically separating the frames from one another, so that each time only the frame belonging to a specific direction of view can be recognized upon observation from this direction of view. For this purpose, the lens array is arranged in front of the panoramagram in such a way that the focal plane of the lenses essentially coincides with the image plane. The light passing from an individual point in the image plane is then refracted by the lenses in an essentially parallel beam bundle, which forms a specific angle with the normal line of the image. A virtual image of this point can thus only be recognized if the panoramagram is observed at this angle. The angle between the direction of view and the image normal line is determined according to laws of geometric optics by the distance between the observed point and the optical axis of the respective lens. The desired assignment between frames and directions of view can be achieved by arranging the elements in suitable positions with respect to the lens raster.
In practice, for the most part, operation is conducted with a lens array of vertically running cylindrical lenses, and the observation angle is varied in the horizontal direction, so that the different parallaxes are reproduced particularly for the left and right eyes of the observer and thus the impression of spatial depth arises.
The conventional process for producing such parallax panoramagrams consists of the fact that the object to be displayed is photographed from different directions of view, whereby the lens array is arranged directly in front of the photographic film. The image of the object is thus focused for each individual photo by the cylindrical lens into a family of parallel strips, which represent the respective frame. The frames for the remaining directions of view are produced in a series of successive photos in the intermediate spaces between these strips. If the developed film is later observed by the same or an identical lens array, one perceives a spatial image of the object.
It is proposed in Funkschau 2/1987, pages 36 to 39, to utilize the above-described principle for three-dimensional television image reproduction. For this purpose, the frames of the panoramagram produced by television cameras are projected on the receiver side onto a large image screen with several projectors, and this screen is provided with a lens array.
Apart from the above-mentioned planned application in the field of television technology, practical applications of the parallax panoramagram have been limited essentially to picture postcards and joke or novelty items.
The object of the invention is to indicate a process for producing spatial images, by means of which the interpretation of construction drawings is being produced, for example, by means of CAD systems.
This task is resolved according to the invention with the features indicated in the independent patent claims.
The basic concept of the invention consists of the fact that a synthetic parallax panoramagram, which is created on the basis of data, for example, produced by means of a computer and electronically stored, which establish the three-dimensional structure of the object, and this panoramagram can then be display
REFERENCES:
patent: 4959641 (1990-09-01), Bass et al.
patent: 5036385 (1991-07-01), Eichenlaub
patent: 5099320 (1992-03-01), Allio
patent: 5751927 (1998-05-01), Wason
patent: 5764231 (1998-06-01), Ray et al.
"Jungste NHK-Arbeiten zum Thema 3D", Fernseh-und Kino-Technik, No. 5/1992, pp. 343-345.
"Dreidimensonal ohne Brille", Fnkschau Fernsehen, No. 2/1987, pp. 36-39.
Good-Johnson Motilewa
Zimmerman Mark K.
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