Mineral oils: processes and products – Phenolic or toxic oils
Patent
1981-08-03
1983-06-14
Gantz, Delbert E.
Mineral oils: processes and products
Phenolic or toxic oils
208 11LE, C10G 104, C10G 106
Patent
active
043881700
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention pertains to an improved process for producing lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons from higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbons by the use of novel additives or auxiliary reagents, and to such additives or reagents per se. "High-molecular-weight hydrocarbons", as used herein, means solid and liquid fossil-fuel raw materials such as coal, minerals (e.g. petroleum) oils, bituminous matter, oil shale, tar sands and the like.
These hydrocarbon materials are customarily increased in value by lowering their molecular weight. Therefore more and more steps are being taken to this end.
Work in the prior art for the improvement of economics of coal-liquefaction processes, described, for example, in DE-OS No. 27 11 105 and DE-OS No. 28 03 983 has concentrated on process variants such as pressure, temperature, property of input coal, choice of hydrogenation gases, mode of conducting the reaction, i.e. process engineering and especially with respect to the employed catalysts.
The invention has as an object to promote, in the above-mentioned processes, the conversion of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon mixtures into lower ones by using auxiliary agents, thus achieving a higher profitability because of the better C:H-ratio in the end products.
Another object is to provide novel auxiliary agents for the purpose mentioned.
Another object is to provide an improved process for the liquefaction and/or gasification of coal.
A further object is to increase the yield or conversion per pass in the liquefaction of coal.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification.
According to this invention, a process is provided for obtaining relatively low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons from higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbons by heating in the presence of guanidinium compounds as auxiliary agents.
By "auxiliary agents" is meant, in contradistinction to catalysts, substances which not only function through their mere presence, but are reacted or used up in the course of the process or its physical and/or chemical reactions.
It was found that the guanidinium compounds operating according to the invention as auxiliary agents have the distinct function to labilize and/or crack bonding forces in high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, thus directing the processes towards an enrichment in yield of lighter, lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Here "bonding forces" are meant in a broad sense; their nature can be of physical or chemical character, as well as transition types between both of them. By the labilisation or loosening to the complete cleavage of bonding forces, the initially defined producing of lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons is directly facilitated. Additionally, the solubilisation of the hydrocarbons is increased by the use of guanidinium compounds, thus apparently additionally facilitating the production process in a concrete manner. Thus, for example, in coal liquefaction, where the coal is first suspended in an oil to form a slurry, the guanidinium compound promotes the release and/or solution of hydrocarbonaceous matter and promotes an increase in the subsequent conversion per pass, and a decrease in the necessity for recycling. The increased degree of release or dissolution can be as high as 30% of coal (by weight) as compared to 1 or 2% in many prior art processes.
According to the invention, the guanidinium compounds can be added per se or in solution in known solvents, e.g. water in the case of the carbonate. The total amount of guanidinium used is up to 10 weight percent, preferably from 0.1 to 3 weight percent based on the weight of starting material. When guanidinium compound is used in solution, the concentration thereof is up to 10 weight percent, preferably 0,01 to 3 weight percent, based on the solvent. The applied amount is governed by economic factors.
Under the aspect of economics guanidinium carbonate is the preferred auxiliary agent because it is the cheapest of all guanidinium-compounds, Besides that it has further important advantages. Gua
Kneissl Hannes
Schmid Klaus
Gantz Delbert E.
Pal Asokkumar
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