Metal treatment – Process of modifying or maintaining internal physical... – With casting or solidifying from melt
Reexamination Certificate
1999-08-13
2001-12-25
King, Roy (Department: 1742)
Metal treatment
Process of modifying or maintaining internal physical...
With casting or solidifying from melt
C148S545000, C148S612000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06332938
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for producing an Fe-based member having a high Young's modulus and a high toughness.
2. Description of the Related Art
There is a conventionally known method for increasing the Young's modulus of an Fe-based member by compounding a dispersant such as a reinforcing fiber, reinforcing granules and the like having a high Young's modulus to a matrix of the Fe-based member.
With this method, however, the following problem arises: the dispersant is coagulated in the matrix, and when the surface nature of the dispersant is poor, the toughness of the produced Fe-based member is largely injured.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a producing process as described above, wherein a particular metallographic structure is produced by subjecting an Fe-based material having a particular composition to a particular treatment, thereby enabling the mass production of an Fe-based member having both of a high Young's modulus and a high toughness.
To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an Fe-based member having a high Young's modulus and a high toughness, comprising a first step of subjecting an Fe-based material which comprises
1.5% by weight≦C≦2.5% by weight
1.4% by weight≦Si≦3.5% by weight
0.9% by weight≦Mn≦1.7% by weight
0.5% by weight≦Ni≦1.5% by weight and
the balance of Fe including inevitable impurities to a thermal treatment at a heating temperature T
1
set in a range of T
S
<T
1
<T
L
and under a quenching condition, wherein T
s
represents a solidus temperature of the Fe-based material and T
L
represents a liquidus temperature, and a second step of subjecting the Fe-based material to a thermal treatment at a heating temperature T
2
set in a range of Te
1
<T
2
<Te
2
and for a heating time t set in a range of 90 min≦t≦180 min, wherein Te
1
represents a eutectic transformation starting temperature and Te
2
represents a eutectic transformation finishing temperature.
When the Fe-based material is subjected to the thermal treatment at the first step, the solidified structure is modified into a primary thermally treated structure. The primary thermally treated structure comprises a large number of residual &ggr;-phases which are, for example, in a massive form, a coalesced carbide phase present between adjacent residual &ggr;-phases, and a plurality of acicular martensite &agr;-phases present in each of the residual &ggr;-phases. If the condition is changed at the first step, it is impossible to provide the primary thermally treated structure as described above. In the quenching, the cooling rate CR is equal to or higher than that in the usual oil-cooling and in the forcible air-cooling and hence, is set at CR≧250° C./min. For this purpose, for example, the oil-cooling, the water-cooling and the like are utilized.
If the Fe-based material having the primary thermally treated structure is then subjected to the thermal treatment at the second step, the primary thermally treated structure is modified into a secondary thermally treated structure. This secondary thermally treated structure comprises a large number of fine &agr;-grain groups which are, for example, in a massive form, a large number of fine short fiber-shaped carbide agglomerates and a large number of graphite grains present between adjacent fine &agr;-grain groups, fine carbide grains as a large number of fine carbide grains and several fine graphite grains present in the grain boundary in the fine &agr;-grain groups, and one or two or more acicular precipitated &ggr;-phases present in the particular fine &agr;-grain group and extending to divide the particular fine &agr;-grain group. In this case, the fine carbide grains are present independently or as an aggregate.
In the secondary thermally treated structure, the fine carbide grains contribute to an increase in Young's modulus of the Fe-based member, and the precipitated &ggr;-phase contributes to an enhancement in roughness of the Fe-based member.
In the second step, if the heating temperature T
2
is lower than Te
1
, or the heating time t is shorter than 90 min, the fine division and dispersion of the carbide cannot be sufficiently performed. On the other hand, if the heating temperature T
2
is higher than Te
2
, or the heating time t is longer than 180 min, the agglomeration of the carbide grains occurs with the advance of the graphitization.
In the composition of the Fe-based material, carbon (C) produces carbide which serves to drop the liquidus temperature T
L
and the solidus temperature T
S
to enhance the castability of the Fe-based material and contribute to an increase in Young's modulus. To increase the amount of the carbide, it is necessary to add the carbon in an amount equal to or larger than a solid solution limit. Therefore, the lower limit of the C content is defined at 1.5% by weight. On the other hand, if C>2.5% by weight, not only the amount of carbide but also the amount of graphite are increased and for this reason, the Fe-based member is rendered brittle.
Silicon (Si) drops the melting point of the Fe-based material to improve the castability, and promotes the deacidification and graphitization of the Fe-based material and produces an &agr;-phase solid-solution in the Fe-based material to reinforce the Fe-based material. In addition, silicon (Si) has an effect of increasing the temperature difference &Dgr;T between the eutectic transformation starting temperature Te
1
and the eutectic transformation starting temperature Te
2
, namely widening the range of heating temperature T
2
set at the second step. However, if the Si content is lower than 1.4% by weight in the combination with carbon (C), the above-described effect cannot be provided. On the other hand, if Si>3.5% by weight, the &agr;-phase is made brittle, resulting in a degraded mechanical property of the Fe-based member.
Manganese (Mn) has an effect of promoting the deacidification and the production of carbide and increasing the temperature difference &Dgr;T. Nickel (Ni), which is the other alloy element, has an effect of inhibiting the production of carbide. Therefore, to overcome the effect of the nickel to promote the production of carbide, the lower limit of the Mn content is set at 0.9% by weight. On the other hand, if Mn>1.7% by weight, the Fe-based member is rendered brittle. Nickel (Ni) is a &ggr;-phase producing element, and has an effect of permitting the precipitated &ggr;-phase to exist in a smaller amount at ambient temperature to enclose impurities therein, thereby enhancing the toughness of the Fe-based member. To provide such effect, it is desirable that the Ni content is set at about 1% by weight. In addition, nickel (Ni) exhibits a remarkable effect for increasing the temperature difference &Dgr;T. However, if the Ni content is lower than 0.5% by weight, both of such effects cannot be provided. On the other hand, even if the Ni content is set to a value larger than 1.5% by weight, the increment in the temperature difference &Dgr;T is not varied.
In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an Fe-based member similar to that described above, wherein the heating temperature T
1
relative to the liquidus temperature T
L
is set at T
1
>T
L
at a first step at which a quenching similar to that described above is carried out, and then, a second step similar to that described above is carried out.
A thermal treated structure similar to the secondary thermally treated structure can be produced even by this process.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4838956 (1989-06-01), Satou et al.
patent: 4867804 (1989-09-01), Kobayashi
patent: 56-047518 (1981-04-01), None
Armstrong Westerman Hattori McLeland & Naughton LLP
Combs Morillo Janelle
Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
King Roy
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