Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes – Including step of generating heat by friction
Patent
1987-06-09
1989-10-17
Derrington, James
Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
Including step of generating heat by friction
264 56, 501155, C04B 3564
Patent
active
048741531
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
This invention relates to processes for producing ceramic products using, as one of the materials, the sludge obtained by sewage treatment.
BACKGROUND OF THE ART
Although the sludge obtained by sewage treatment is sometimes used as a compost, its most frequent use is for land reclamation. The soil containing the sludge has heavy metals and emits an offensive odor and may be decomposed, because of the presence of the sludge. Such problems may be solved by burning the sludge to ashes and using the ashes for land reclamation. However, this entails no small cost because fuel is required for the burning of the sludge.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A process for producing ceramic products according to the invention has been developed to solve the above-mentioned problems. The process according to the invention employs either the sludge obtained by sewage treatment or the ashes obtained by burning the sludge, as one of the materials used for producing ceramic products, such as porcelain, stoneware or chinaware (for example, floor tiles, paving tiles, tiles for interior or exterior finish, and the like). To the more exact, according to the invention, plastic ceramic raw materials and the like are added to either the sludge obtained by sewage treatment or the ashes obtained by burning the sludge, so that a ceramic mix, or a body, is prepared, and then the ceramic mix is formed to the desired shape and is fired to a finished product.
PERFORMANCE
Either the sludge obtained by sewage treatment or the ashes obtained by burning the sludge is used as an ingredient to prepare a formable or moldable powdered ceramix mix. The ceramic mix is formed to the desired shape, and is fired into a solid state. During the burning, the organic substances in the sludge contained in the molding are removed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 1 to 3 each show the pavement of a road with water-permeable flooring materials in a vertical cross section.
(Designations by numerals in the drawings)
______________________________________ 1 water-permeable flooring materials
2 joint (coarse river sand)
3 cushion layer
4 nonwoven fabric
5 mortar layer on which the flooring materials 1
are bonded
6 layer of crushed stone for mechanical stabilization
7 crusher-run layer
8 roadbed
9 water-permeable block of brick or similar material
10 water-permeable flooring materials
11 mortar layer on which the flooring materials 10
are bonded
12 concrete
13 water-permeable pipe
14 arrow to indicate how rainwater passes through the
construction illustrated
15 arrows to indicate gradients and their directions
______________________________________
THE BEST EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The best embodiment of the invention will now be described. To start with, either a cake produced by compressing the raw sludge obtained by precipitation of the solid constituents of sewage during treatment thereof, into a plate-shaped substance which has a moisture content of about 70 weight percent water and therefore may be held with the hand, or one obtained by drying such a plate-shaped substance, is prepared. The latter sludge cake, or the dried sludge cake, may be a high-molecular one or a calcareous one. If the dried sludge cake is a high-molecular one, it contains about 75 percent combustible material, and has a calorific value of about 4,700 kcal/kg. Also, if the dried sludge cake is a high-molecular one, it dissolves at around 1,050.degree. C. during a firing process which will be hereinafter described, and if it is a calcareous one, it dissolves at around 1,200.degree. C. during the firing process.
The sludge cake, whether it is a dried one or not, is mixed with a well-known plastic ceramic raw material or materials and, if necessary, aggregate to prepare a body to be molded into a ceramic product. This mixing may be made in a wet- or dry-process. Wet-process mixing is made as follows: The sludge cake and the foregoing ma
REFERENCES:
patent: 338465 (1886-03-01), Bayer et al.
patent: 395590 (1889-01-01), Sattler
patent: 1569251 (1926-01-01), Austin
patent: 4112033 (1978-09-01), Lingl et al.
patent: 4370285 (1983-01-01), Pluck
Baba et al., Technology for Producing Aggregate of Sludge Ash Through a Sinterning Process in a Sinter-band Furnace (Report of the 21st Lecture Meeting for the Study of Sewage).
News Article, Chunichi Shimbun, Jan. 10, 1986.
Hashimoto Ryusuke
Iwata Mitsuru
Derrington James
Fujimi Tile Co., Ltd.
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