Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Unsaturated compound synthesis – By addition of entire unsaturated molecules – e.g.,...
Patent
1989-03-10
1991-07-09
Garvin, Patrick P.
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Unsaturated compound synthesis
By addition of entire unsaturated molecules, e.g.,...
585512, 585522, 585524, C07C 224
Patent
active
050307908
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to the chemical and petrochemical industries and, more particularly, to a process for producing butene-1.
PRIOR ART
Known in the art is a process for dimerization of ethylene catalyzed by a system diisobutylaluminium chloride-nickel oleate under different conditions with the production of butene-1. The maximum content of butene-1 in the resulting dimerizate is 59.1% mass and its composition is the following: trans-butene-1--1-23.9% by mass, cis-butene-2--12.0% by mass, butene-1--59.1% by mass, n-butene--5% by mass. In practicing of the process the selectivity with respect to butene-1 is low and a great number of side products such as butenes-2 are formed in the dimerizate, whereas for the processes of polymerization and copolymerization butene-1 containing at most 0.2% by mass of butenes-2 is required (cf.V.Sh.Fieldblume, "Dimerization and DIS Proportionation of Olefines", 1978, "Khimiya" Publishers, Moscow, p. 38).
Also known in the art is a process for dimerization of olefines in the presence of a catalyst which comprises nickel complexes supported on a solid carrier composed of SiO.sub.2, alumosilicate or a mixture of both. The resulting dimerizate consists of 70% by mass of butene-1 and 30% by mass of butenes-2 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,000,211).
In practicing of this process an expensive catalyst is used, the selectivity with respect to butene-1 is low and a high content of butenes-2 is present in the resulting dimerizate.
Known in the art is the production of butene-1 by way of dimerization of ethylene catalyzed by titanium alkoxide Ti(OR).sub.4, aluminium trialkyl AlR.sub.3 in a medium of ethers. (See Kinetika i Kataliz, vol. 19, iss. 1, 1978; P. E. Matkovsky et al. "Dimerization of Ethylene", p. 263).
However, the use of ethers as the reaction medium is inapplicable on a commercial scale due to their high costs and a strong narcotic effect.
Furthermore, in the production of butene-1 by way of dimerization of ethylene on a catalytical system Ti(OR).sub.4 -AlR.sub.3 there are encountered, first of all, the problem of recovering butene-1 from a mixture of products formed in the dimerization of ethylene (butene-1, hexenes, octenes, polymer, catalyst) and, especially, the problem of separation and isolation of the catalyst which can be fully soluble in the reaction mixture. In this case two procedures can be used:
(1) the removal of the catalyst prior to distillation of hydrocarbons either by lowering solubility and filtration or centrifugation, or by way of a two-phase extraction, for example, with water;
(2) straight distillation of hydrocarbons (nonconverted ethylene, butene-1, hexenes and other oligomers) at which the catalyst remains at the bottom of the distillation apparatus; it is still soluble, but concentrated in oligomers (CS, B, 187822).
From the economic standpoint this procedure is preferable since it enables elimination of an intermediate stage of the two-phase washing or separation of solid particles; the residue is obtained in a small amount and it can be readily removed, e.g. by calcination.
At the same time, it has been noticed in practice that during evaporation a rather elevated temperature is maintained in order to obtain the most effective concentration of the catalyst; however, this elevated temperature causes secondary reactions of isomerization and polymerization of butene-1.
Also known in the art is a process, wherein butene-1 is obtained by way of dimerization of ethylene in the presence of a catalytical system Ti(OC.sub.4 H.sub.9)--AlR.sub.3 upon a continuous supply of ethylene, a hydrocarbon solvent and solutions of the catalyst components in a hydrocarbon solvent (FR, B, No. 2581381).
The reaction mass withdrawn from the reactor is delivered to fractionation (distillation or rectification).
In a commercial implementation of this process the quality of butene-1 is gradually reduced due to the formation of butene-2. The latter appears as a result of fractionation due to isomerization of butene-1 on the products of the catalytical sys
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"Dimerization and DIS Proportionation of Olefines", by V. Sh. Fieldblume, 1978, Khimiya Publishers, Moscow, p. 38.
"Dimerization of Ethylene", by Matkovsky et al., Kinetika i Kataliz, vol. 19, Issue 1, 1978, p. 263.
Belov Gennady P.
Dyachkovsky Fridrikh S.
Gabutdinov Malik S.
Germashev Anatoly I.
Ivanchev Sergei S.
Garvin Patrick P.
Saba James
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