Process for preparing spray granules containing riboflavin

Details Process for preparing spray granules containing riboflavin Process for preparing spray granules containing riboflavin

2000-04-17

2004-04-20

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Preparations characterized by special physical form

Particulate form

C424S464000, C424S465000, C424S470000, C427S213000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06723346

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is concerned with a novel process for the manufacture of flowable, non-dusty, and binder-free riboflavin granulates.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Riboflavin granulates can be produced, for example, by a compacting process. European publication EP 0 414 115 BI describes a compacting process in which riboflavin powder with an average particle diameter smaller than 25 &mgr;m is pressed to strands. A comminution procedure follows the pressing operation to give riboflavin granulates having an average particle diameter of 50 &mgr;m to 1000 &mgr;m.
European publication EP 0 457 075 B1 describes a process for the production of flowable, non-dusty, and binder-free riboflavin granulates with a particle size of 50 &mgr;m to 450 &mgr;m from finely divided riboflavin. The process subjects an aqueous suspension or a suspension containing at least 10 wt. % water, which contains at least 5 to 30 wt. % of pure riboflavin, to a fluidized bed spray drying process that uses a single fluid nozzle spray drying process or a disk-type spray drying process at temperatures of 20 to 100° C. without adding a binder to the suspension. The riboflavin is produced by simply spray drying an aqueous suspension of riboflavin or by rapid precipitation from acidified, aqueous riboflavin solutions at temperatures below 50° C. or by rapid precipitation and rapid cooling of hot, aqueous riboflavin solutions at a pH value between 0.8 and 6.5. The crystal form of the riboflavin used is not disclosed. It is, however, generally known that the riboflavin production described in EP 0 457 075 B1 leads to riboflavin of crystal modification A.
A process for the production of dendritic riboflavin crystals is described in European Patent Application 98119686.8. This process involves pre-purification, crystallization, and drying. Needle-shaped riboflavin of stable modification A is dissolved in an aqueous mineral acid solution at about 30° C. and active charcoal is added to the resulting solution in order to adsorb impurities present in the solution. Thereafter, the medium containing the active charcoal is subjected to a cross-flow filtration over a ceramic membrane having a pore size of about 20 nm to about 200 nm. The five- to ten-fold amount (vol./vol.) of water is added to the resulting filtrate at about 30° C. The precipitated, spherical riboflavin crystals are separated by centrifugation or filtration.
If desired, the riboflavin crystals can be washed with water and subsequently dried according to methods known per se.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The starting material used is needle-shaped riboflavin of modification A as is found, for example, in the production of foodstuffs. This riboflavin has a content of about 85 wt. % to about 98% of pure riboflavin. Varying amounts of chemical byproducts and/or fermentation residues, as well as water, are present depending on the route of production.
In the first stage of the process, needle-shaped riboflavin of modification A in dry or filter-moist form is dissolved in the aqueous mineral acid. The dissolution takes place by a protonation reaction. In the dissolution procedure, fermentation residues, such as proteins, peptides, amino acids, and/or chemical byproducts become liberated and are then present partly in solution and partly in solid form. As the mineral acid, there is especially suitable hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, the concentration of which is about 10 wt. % to about 65 wt. %. 18 wt. % to 24 wt. % hydrochloric acid is especially preferred. Up to about 19 wt. % dry riboflavin is dissolved in such an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The solution is thus almost saturated. The dissolution procedure is effected at temperatures up to a maximum of 30° C., usually at about 5 to about 25° C., preferably at about 10 to about 20° C., conveniently with intensive intermixing, for example by intensive stirring. The dissolution time can be reduced by increasing the temperature and/or intensifing the intermixing. The overall dissolution procedure usually takes up to about 30 minutes depending on the temperature and intermixing.
In the next stage of the process, active charcoal is added to the solution of the riboflavin in the aqueous mineral acid solution. Thereby, the impurities present in the solution are adsorbed on the active charcoal. The active charcoal can be pulverized or granulated. Conveniently, about 0.5 to about 9 wt. %, preferably about 3 wt. %, of active charcoal based on the riboflavin content is added. Depending on the impurities, the active charcoal is left in the solution for up to about 12 hours, preferably about 0.5 to about 3 hours. Acid-washed active charcoal with a bulk density of about 250 to about 400 kg/m
3
, preferably about 300 kg/m
3
, a specific surface area of about 1200 to about 1600 m
2
/g, preferably about 1400 m
2
/g, and an average particle size of about 20 to about 70 &mgr;m is suitable as the active charcoal. Examples of suitable active charcoals are Norit CA1 and Bentonorit, which are especially suitable for the adsorption biological impurities, as well as Norit SX 2, which in turn is especially suitable for the separation of chemical impurities.
In addition to the active charcoal there can be added to the aqueous mineral acid solution a filter aid, of which conveniently about 2 to about 9 wt. % based on the riboflavin content are used. Suitable filter aids are, for example, cellulose, such as Arbocel BWW 40 and B 800 from the company Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH+Co.
The separation of the active charcoal, the filter aid, which may be present, and the undissolved fermentation residues present is effected by the subsequent cross-flow filtration. In addition to the adsorption, the active charcoal also has an abrasive action on the covering layer which forms the membrane. By this action, it is now possible to operate the membrane in a stable manner over a longer period of time with almost double the throughput than without active charcoal. The active charcoal thus possesses not only abrasive, but also adsorptive properties. The cross-flow filtration is effected over a ceramic membrane, which has a pore size of about 20 to about 200 nm, preferably of about 50 nm. The active charcoal pumped around in the circuit brings about by the abrasion a cleansing of the covering layer of carbon and fermentation residues formed on the membrane. As a rule, the counter-current velocity over the membrane is relatively high; it conveniently lies in the region of about 5 to about 6 m/s. In order not to compress the covering layer excessively, the trans-membrane pressure is conveniently1 to 2 bar (0.1 to 0.2 MPa).
After the cross-flow filtration, the solution of riboflavin, which is almost free from all impurities, the active charcoal, as well as filter aid, which may be present, is brought to crystallization, which is effected by the addition of a five- to ten-fold amount of water. The deprotonization of the riboflavin present in the aqueous mineral acid solution, which thereby takes place, leads to its precipitation.
The temperature of the medium in which the crystallization takes place can be varied in a range of 0 to 30° C. depending on the production method and impurity grade of the riboflavin. Especially in the case of synthetically produced material, the temperature can be increased to 30° C.; in the case of fermentative or relatively clean material temperatures below 10° C. are generally preferred. Most preferred is a temperature between 4 and 10° C. The crystallization can be carried out batchwise or continuously, preferably continuously. Cascades or individual kettles can be used as the crystallizer. Especially in the case of individual kettles, it is advisable to feed in at different positions in the kettle. Within the crystallizer, a very good macroscopic intermixing must be set up in every case. This can be realized, for example, by using a two-stage stirring device, with the feed solutions displaced by 180° being fed on to the upper and lower stirrer levels. Conveniently, in so doing, water is

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