Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; – Proteins – i.e. – more than 100 amino acid residues – Separation or purification
Patent
1990-07-25
1992-11-10
Cashion, Jr., Merrell C.
Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins;
Proteins, i.e., more than 100 amino acid residues
Separation or purification
435273, 530356, 530418, 530419, 530420, 530427, C07K 302, C07K 312, C07K 328, C07K 1520
Patent
active
051625067
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to improvements in and relating to protein products and in particular to the production of collagen fibers and to the incorporation of collagen and collagen-containing compositions into protein products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a process of producing collagen fibers which comprises, while maintaining the temperature sufficiently low to prevent substantial conversion of collagen to gelatin, comminuting tissues containing collagen, drying the comminuted product, and thereafter milling the dried material.
Furthermore there is provided a process whereby the collagen fiber thus produced is added to protein products.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The tissues which may be used as starting material for the process of the invention include, for example, animal tissues including mammalian connective tissue, sinews, dermis (split skin or corium after removal of the outer skin layers from hide or head hide), bird skins and connective tissue, reptile skins and connective tissue, and fish skin and connective tissue. Other sources of the tissues which may be used in accordance with the invention comprise decalcificated bone dentine, and collagen-containing tissues from the cardiovascular system, synovial membrane, viscera, subcutaneous membrane, fetal dermis, vitreous humour, intervertebral discs, basement membrane, lens capsule, kidney glomeruli, placental membrane, and lung and muscle tissues. Preferred tissues include mammalian connective tissues or sinews, such as ligaments, cartilage and tendon, for example, `Backstraps` or `Paddi wacks` from cattle. Other preferred sources of the collagen used in the process of the invention are fish skins and the dermis of animals whose skins are usually consumed as food constituents, although bovine dermis is also a preferred source providing that its use is within the provisions of the prevailing food regulations.
The collagen fibers produced according to the present invention may also contain smaller quantities of other structural proteins, such as elastin, reticulin, connectin and desmin, and also mucopolysaccharides which are all naturally associated with collagen in varying amounts in tissues.
Preferably, residual flesh and fats are manually or otherwise removed, for example by scraping, tumble abrasion or by soaking in salts such as sodium chloride or in enzyme preparations such as papain. Soluble non-collagenous proteins and polysaccharides may be removed, if desired, along with a fraction of the soluble collagen, by soaking for example in a solution of sodium acetate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium chloride. These procedures may also serve to remove other soluble materials present, such as glycans and saponified fats. Such soluble materials may also be removed, if desired, by soaking in saturated white lime solution and thereafter removing excess calcium. Reducing the pH value to or towards the isoelectric point (pH4.6) for example to pH5.0, to provide enhanced storage stability in the treated tissue material may be desirable following treatment with salt solutions.
Animal tissues rich in collagen, such as those collected from abattoirs may conveniently be used immediately or be stored by freezing, for example at minus 20.degree. C., or by buffering, for example in a solution of a weak acid, such as citric acid, or in citric acid and sodium citrate, at for example pH5.0, or by pickling, for example in a solution of sodium chloride and a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid. The source of the tissues is conveniently bovine, but other collagen-containing materials, for instance materials from pigs, sheep, goats, game (including deer, eland and antelope), rabbit, hare, kangaroo, dog, monkey, camel, buffalo, horse, birds such as poultry (including chicken, duck, goose and turkey), pigeon and game birds, reptiles (including turtles and snakes), fish (including salmon, trout, eel, cod, herring, plaice, whiting, halibut, turbot, ling, squid, tuna, sardin
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patent: 2290854 (1942-07-01), Hoy
patent: 2721142 (1955-10-01), Shinn et al.
patent: 3665988 (1972-05-01), Aceto et al.
patent: 4511583 (1985-04-01), Olson et al.
Garvoi et al., Chem. Abs. 69 (18) entry 68264u, (1968).
Soviet Inventions Illustrated, week 33, 28, Sep. 1983, Section Chemical, Abstract No. 83-740547/33, D13, Derwent Publications Ltd.
Cashion Jr. Merrell C.
Natural Resources (Manufacturing) Limited
Rozycki Andrew G.
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