Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Process of making a soap containing composition by...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-09
2001-03-27
Ogden, Necholus (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
Process of making a soap containing composition by...
C510S447000, C510S450000, C510S508000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06207636
ABSTRACT:
The invention relates to a synergistic composition of soap/detergent bars for personal or fabric washing. This invention particularly relates to an improved detergent bar composition with a low total fatty matter (TFM) having superior sensory and physical properties. In a further aspect, the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the soap/detergent bars, and in particular an improved process for preparing a low total fatty matter detergent bar.
Conventional detergent bars, based on soap for personal washing contain over about 70% by weight TFM, the remainder being water (about 10-20%) and other ingredients such as colour, perfume, preservatives, etc. Structurants and fillers are also present in such compositions in small amounts which replace some of the soap in the bar while retaining the desired hardness of the bar. A few known fillers include starch, kaolin and talc.
Hard non-milled soaps containing moisture of less than 35% are also available. These bars have a TFM of about 30-65%. The reduction in TFM has been achieved by the use of insoluble particulate materials and/or soluble silicates.
Milled bars generally have a water content about 8-15% and the hard non-milled bars have a water content of about 20-35%.
Swiss patent 226570 (1943) teaches the use of colloidal alumina hydrate mixed with “powdered soap wort roots” and Na-naphthalene sulphonate. Colloidal alumina gels in presence of water form a hard homogeneous mass that can be packed and sold. However this refers to a cast bar.
IN 176384 discloses a detergent composition with low TFM content having high ratio of water to TFM without affecting hardness, cleaning and lathering properties of the bar by the incorporation of up to 20% colloidal aluminium hydroxide (A-gel). The A-gel/TFM combination enabled the preparation of bars with higher water content while using TFM at a lower level. This document also discloses a process wherein by providing a balanced combination of aluminium hydroxide and TFM it is possible to prepare a low TEM bar having high water content but with satisfactory hardness. The application teaches the generation of colloidal alumina hydrate in-situ by a reaction of fatty acid or an acid precursor of an active detergent with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate to form bars which are obtained by plodding.
In this teaching, although the A-gel concentration disclosed is up to 20% by weight, the demonstration of the invention is restricted to the use of 7.5% by weight A-gel in combination with 40 TFM with an additional structurant such as 5% by weight of alkaline silicate.
It has now been found that when A-gel is used below 9.0% by weight a bar with good processability cannot be prepared without having additional structurants and/or increasing the TFM. However, bars with A-gel above 16.0% by weight would be very difficult to process, and affect the sensory and physical properties adversely.
Further, it has also been found that in situ generation of aluminium hydroxide by a reaction of fatty acid or an acid precursor of an active detergent with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate solution that specifically has a solid content of 20 to 55% wherein the alumina (Al
2
O
3
) to sodium oxide (Na
2
O) is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55 by weight gives superior bar properties. These bars have improved hardness and smoother feel. This reaction can take place in a broader temperature range of 40 to 95° C.
Thus according to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a low TFM content detergent composition with superior sensory and physical properties comprising:
25 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter;
9.0 to 16% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide (A-gel);
from 12 to 52% by weight of water; and
optionally other liquid benefit agents
and the balance being other conventional ingredients.
According to a further aspect, there is provided an improved process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar comprising from 25 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter, from 0.5 to 20% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide (A-gel), from 15 to 52% by weight of water and the balance being other and minor additives as herein described, which process comprises the steps of:
a. reacting one or more fatty acids or fats such as herein described with an aluminium containing alkaline material, such as sodium aluminate with a solid content of 20 to 55% and wherein the Al
2
O
3
to Na
2
O is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55:1, to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature between 40° C. to 95° C.;
b. adding a predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap;
c. adding if desired, other and minor additives such as herein described to the mixture of step (b)
d. converting the product of step (c) into bars by a conventional method.
The term total fatty matter, usually abbreviated to TFM, is used to denote the percentage by weight of fatty acid and triglyceride residues present, without taking into account the accompanying cations.
For a soap having 18 carbon atoms, an accompanying sodium cation will generally amount to about 8% by weight. Other cations may be employed as desired, for example zinc, potassium, magnesium, alkyl ammonium and aluminium.
The term soap denotes salts of carboxylic fatty acids. The soap may be derived from any of the triglycerides conventionally used in soap manufacture—consequently the carboxylate anions in the soap may contain from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
The soap may be obtained by saponifying a fat and/or a fatty acid. The fats or oils generally used in soap manufacture may be such as tallow, tallow stearines, palm oil, palm stearines, soya bean oil, fish oil, caster oil, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, palm kernel oil, and others. In the above process the fatty acids are derived from oils/fats selected from coconut, rice bran, groundnut, tallow, palm, palm kernel, cotton seed, soybean, castor etc. The fatty acid soaps can also be synthetically prepared (e.g. by the oxidation of petroleum, or by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process). Resin acids, such as those present in tall oil, may be used. Naphthenic acids are also suitable.
Tallow fatty acids can be derived from various animal sources, and generally comprise about 1-8% myristic acid, about 21-32% palmitic acid, about 14-31% stearic acid, about 0-4% palmitoleic acid, about 36-50% oleic acid and about 0-5% linoleic acid. A typical distribution is 2.5% myristic acid, 29% palmitic acid, 23% stearic acid, 2% palmitoleic acid, 41.5% oleic acid, and 3% linoleic acid. Other mixtures with similar distribution, such as those from palm oil, and those derived from various animal tallow and lard are also included.
Coconut oil refers to fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of 8% C
8
, 7% C
10
, 48% C
12
, 17% C
14
, 8% C
16
, 2% C
18
, 7% oleic and 2% linoleic acids (the first six fatty acids listed being saturated). Other sources having similar carbon chain length distributions, such as palm kernel oil and babassu kernel oil, are included within the term coconut oil.
According to a further preferred aspect, the invention provides an improved process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar comprising:
a. reacting one or more fatty acids such as are herein described with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate, with a solid content of 20 to 55%, wherein the Al
2
O
3
to Na
2
O is in a ratio of 1.0 to 1.55:1, in presence of 0.5-2% by weight of a solubility stabilizer to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature between 40° C. to 95° C.;
b. adding predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap;
c. adding if desired, other and minor additives such as are herein described to the mixture of step (b);
d. converting the product of step (c) into bars by a conventional method.
The solubility stabilizer is conveniently selected from any soluble inorganic or organic salts, polymers, oth
Benjamin Rajapandian
Mhaskar Sudhakar Yeshwant
Mhatre Subhash Shivshankar
Koatz Ronald A.
Ogden Necholus
Unilever Home & Personal Care USA , division of Conopco, Inc.
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