Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Rosin – tall oil – or derivatives thereof containing
Patent
1997-11-24
1999-12-21
Howard, Jacqueline V.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Rosin, tall oil, or derivatives thereof containing
C10L 102
Patent
active
060043601
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of producing fuel from tall-oil soap by treating the soap with carbon dioxide. Tall-oil soap is a by-product of sulphate pulp manufacturing processes. The soap can be separated out from black liquor when concentrating the liquor into heavy black liquor. The tall-oil soap obtained has a pH of about 12 and is normally acidified with sulphuric acid to convert the soap to tall oil. A process of this kind is, in principle, carried out in all sulphate pulp mills. The tall oil obtained can be used as a crude product in the preparation of different chemicals or as fuel.
One drawback with this process is that relatively large volumes of sulphuric acid are required. The delivery of sulphur to the system makes it difficult to achieve a closed process in the mill while avoiding environmentally harmful emissions.
It has been proposed to treat tall-oil soap with carbon dioxide, with the intention of eliminating the use of sulphuric acid or reducing the amounts in which it is used. The proposed process uses inorganic carbonic acid which is generated by the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water:
The resultant carbonic acid reacts with the tall-oil soap in accordance with the following reactions:
However, only about half of the soap is converted to tall oil in these reactions.
Because the earlier processes that use carbon dioxide have been intended mainly to produce the purest possible tall oil, so as to enable the oil to be used in the preparation of different chemicals, the carbon dioxide treatment stage is followed by a sulphuric acid treatment stage. Although this process results in a reduction of the sulphuric acid otherwise required, it does not eliminate the use of sulphuric acid completely. An alternative solution proposes the onerous repetition of the carbon dioxide treatment in several treatment steps.
The present invention is based on the realization that tall-oil soap can be treated with carbon dioxide to obtain a fuel which contains tall oil that does not require the same degree of purity as tall oil intended for some other use. The inventive process affords the important advantage of enabling tall-oil soap to be used as fuel without the addition of sulphur.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It therefor would be desirable, and is an advantage of the present invention, to provide a method for using tall-oil soap to generate heat. In accordance with the method, the tall-oil soap is mixed with diesel oil. The tall-oil soap and the diesel oil are then reacted with carbon dioxide, thereby forming a reaction product and a mixture of diesel oil, tall oil and tall-oil soap. The mixture is separated from the reaction product and recovered. The mixture is then burned.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reaction with carbon dioxide is effected in one single method step, although it may be effected in two or more steps.
In order to obtain an effective reaction between tall-oil soap and carbon dioxide, the soap is preferably diluted with liquid prior to being treated with carbon dioxide. In this regard, it is preferred that the soap is fit mixed with an organic solvent. This enables a large part of the soap to be converted to tall oil.
The solvent used will conveniently have a high calorific value, because the end product will then have a higher fuel value.
The solvent used will preferably be combustible or fuel oil such as diesel oil, for instance.
The process can also be carried out by mixing tall-oil soap with water prior to reacting the soap with carbon dioxide. The amount of water used will preferably correspond to 0.5-3 times the amount of soap present, on a weight basis.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, tall-oil soap is mixed with a water-immiscible organic solvent in the form of fuel oil or combustible oil. This produces a heterogenous system in which the free fatty acids are more soluble in the added solvent than the tall-oil soap. This res
REFERENCES:
patent: 3901869 (1975-08-01), Bills
patent: 4075188 (1978-02-01), Vardell, Jr.
patent: 5283319 (1994-02-01), Huibers et al.
patent: 5286845 (1994-02-01), Huibers et al.
AGA AB
Howard Jacqueline V.
Toomer Cephia D.
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