Plant husbandry – Process
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-21
2003-05-13
Jordan, Charles T. (Department: 3644)
Plant husbandry
Process
Reexamination Certificate
active
06560921
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is the preparation of biocatalyst agents which positively aid the process of digestion and humification processing for obtaining organomineral fertilizers where residual materials are employed, i.e., as from a wide series of organic residuals from urban origin, industrial or agricultural.
Another objective of the present invention is to use the biocatalysts agents herein obtained, being applied in the form of specific compositions. Furthermore, another objective of this invention refers to the process of treatment of residual organic material, being transformed in more productive organomineral fertilizers for use in agriculture.
In this manner, another objective of the invention is to promote a process for preparation of organomineral fertilizer from a wide series of urban organic residual, industrial or agricultural, applying in one of the steps of the process the biocatalyst agent previously mentioned.
The organomineral fertilizers obtained according to the present invention are also considered as organomineral biocatalysts due to the property of improving directly or indirectly the development of plants, hence the productivity of cultures.
The use of organominerals in agriculture constitutes growing practice firstly by the broad dissemination of the effects and advantages caused in the soil and cultures, secondly, cleaning the environment by utilizing these by-products as an alternative source of fertilizers and organic matters, like nutrient elements readily available for plants. However, decades ago these organominerals did not have any stipulated function in agriculture, as no techniques were developed to permit its economic use with more efficiency.
In the whole world, the soil is deteriorating due to a lack of organic material in that when conveniently treated, and applied in agriculture, improves the soil's physical condition, supplying nutrients readily available and stimulates a microbiological activity from the same, therefore creating the same positive effect in agricultural production.
As an example, the organominerals fertilizer utilization can be cited as an application in tomato cultures and cucumber in ALMEIRAS, melons in Sevilha, Spain by COFERT VEFINEX INTERNATIONAL TRADING BV HELMOND HOLLAND Company. In this experiment with tomatoes, a commercial fertilizer rating of 66.6 t/ha was used against 2.8 t/ha of an organomineral. The chemical fertilization raised production about 25% in relation to the treatment not fertilized, while the organomineral was increased around 80%, i.e., 55% more than regular fertilization. Furthermore, the quantity of organominerals used was 23.8 percent less than the chemical fertilizer, therefore reducing cost in the process. In the experiment with the cucumber, three different commercial fertilizing dosages, 30, 45, and 60 t/ha were used, noting an increase of 1 to 6% in relation to treatment of non-fertilized, while the organominerals were utilized in dosages of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 t/ha, with increases of 4 to 16% in comparison with non-fertilized (the higher dosage, 3.0 t/ha caused an increase in the lower dosage of 2.0 t/ha). Now in the melon culture, the comparison was made between the commercial fertilizer, a mixture of worms and organominerals, utilizing the dosages of 20 t/ha of the commercial fertilizer, 4 t/ha of the worm mixture and 2 t/ha of the organominerals. The increases, relating to treatment non-fertilized were respectively 12, 14, and 20%. In this manner, the beneficial effect of the organominerals for these cultures was tested, as was a relation to the productivity and the consumption of fertilizers.
Research about the reuse of minerals and various residuals (mineral and organic), like alternative sources of organominerals fertilizers, had its beginning in 1976 through the application of biometallurgy and biotechnology. With the advancement of technology several processes were developed, synthesis and catalysts, for use in raw sewage, urban garbage, filter cake, sugar cane bagasse, vine residues, cow and bull dung, etc.
Some techniques can be analyzed in the document PI BR 8600757, where it shows it is possible to react organic residuals with chemical agents in one reactor, in production of fertilizers totally free of any pathogenic agents.
The patent application PI BR 8402955 discloses compositions of organic and organomineral fertilizers that are water soluble, as well as the process for obtaining them, placing the residual distillation product in contact with phosphoric acid, adding itself to the mentioned mixture of organic solvents, such as lower alcohol and ketones, being precipitated, separated and dried.
All of these processes demand more sophisticated techniques, further demanding better quality raw materials, which raises the cost of the process, and demand higher care in manipulation, aside from requiring separation of the precipitate.
Another question to be highlighted is that the mineral fertilizers, like conventional NPK, are generally treated thermal-chemically. In this way they not only show the micro nutrients, substances incorporated like insoluble salts and non reacted ores, unclean from industrial process and others impure materials, that with the continuation of its use, and its accumulation, it harms the soil and consequently the productivity of its cultures, as previously shown.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One of the objectives of the present invention includes, therefore, in technologies of producing biocatalyst agents, is the production of organomineral fertilizers based on this, which results in final products which can be applied to the soil to improve its characteristics, having in its formulation organic material promptly available, not only macro and micro nutrients, without causing risks to the environment.
It is known that a decomposition of the organic matter is due to action of microbial biological agents, which need the physical and chemical actions to obtain good quality fertilizers.
It is known that soil with low fertility rate and over use of chemical fertilizers in soil cause an unbalance of organic matter and reduce fertilization, increase the leaching and the acidification of the same. The worst practical cultivation methods result in cationic unbalancing. The lack of compensating for losses of organic substances retards its life and microbial synthesis. The lack of irrigation or excessive irrigation increases hardening of the soil and the burning accelerates the rhythm of destruction of the humic material.
Humic acid is defined as colloids in laboratory level, chelate in suspension within biotechnology process in its application in organic residuals. Although all molds are organic matters, not all organic matters are molds. An organic matter deriving from animals produces soley nitrogen compounds and a few mineral elements. The main source of organic matter for nutrition of plants is from a transformation and synthesis by decomposing microbial-chemicals from the vegetal organic matter in the molds. The mold by definition is a matter of dark color that presents a very fine structure and completely mixed with the mineral matter from the soil, having colloid properties. It is a complex substance formed by organic compounds from the decomposition of vegetable waste, which is transformed under action of the microorganisms.
The active compounds derived from degradation and decomposing of organic matter suffer microbial synthesis forming real humic acids, that are considered an active matter of molds. These humic substances are naturally found in the soil, in very low contents. The humic substances are organic alloys that resist microbes and therefore can be called “Permanent Molds”, partaking to the enrichment of the soil.
We know that, depending on the type of soil, the humic substance represents from 0.5% to 1.5% of the total organic matter. Therefore the importance of having an extra source of supply of the active matter is very important to the biochemical balance of the soil to improve its conditions and the nutriti
Jordan Charles T.
Palo Francis T.
Staas & Halsey , LLP
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