Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-03
2001-02-20
Marx, Irene (Department: 1651)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
C435S252500, C536S017300, C544S251000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06190888
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for producing riboflavin glucoside from starch by fermentation. The term “riboflavin glucoside” as used in this specification embraces riboflavin glucosides featuring one or more glucose moieties per molecule of riboflavin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Riboflavin glucoside is known as one of the metabolites of riboflavin found in urine. It is more soluble in water than riboflavin. The solubility of riboflavin glucoside at 20° C. and 37° C. is 2.2 and 3.5 mg/ml, respectively. In comparison, riboflavin has a solubility of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml at these temperatures [see Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, 18B, 404-417 (1971)].
Riboflavin itself is widely used as an additive in drinks for colouring and/or nutrition, but the drinks become cloudy because of its low solubility in water. Riboflavin-containing solutions for intravenous drop injection also become turbid and tend to block the injection tubes. To solve such solubility problems the more soluble riboflavin glucoside could be used instead of riboflavin to prepare clear drinks and injection solutions.
Riboflavin glucoside was first obtained by Whitby with the acetone-dried powder of rat liver [Biochem. J. 50, 433 (1952)]. Glucosidation of riboflavin occurs when riboflavin is incubated in a solution containing transglucosidase and glucosyl donors such as maltose, dextrin, starch, glycogen and salicin. Transglucosidase has been reported to be widely distributed in animal organs, microorganisms and plants such as rat liver,
Aspergillus oryzae, Escherichia coli, Leuconostoc mesenteroides
, and cotylendons of pumpkin,
Cucurbita pepo
, and of sugar beet,
Beta vulgaris
. However, the productivity of riboflavin glucoside by these enzymatic reaction methods or fermentation in media containing riboflavin and glucosyl donors has been rather low, and its purification procedure too complicated, for practical use [see J. Vitaminology 6, 139-144 (1960) and Methods in Enzymology 18B, 404-417 (1971)].
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
By means of the process of the present invention, it is possible to produce riboflavin glucoside in a much higher yield, even without the addition of riboflavin, by the fermentation of a riboflavin glucoside-producing microorganism in a medium containing a starch. Said process comprises cultivating a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus which is capable of producing riboflavin glucosides in an aqueous medium containing a starch under aerobic conditions.
REFERENCES:
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Balows et al., ed., “The Prokaryotes” vol. II, 1992, p. 1762.
Yamasaki, et al., “Purification and Properties of &agr;-Glucosidase fromPenicillium purpurogenum,” Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 40(4), 669-676 (1976).
Kometani, et al., “Purification and Characterization of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from an Alkalophilic Bacillus Species and Transglycosylation at Alkaline pHs,”Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58(3), 517-20 (1994).
Kitahata, et al., “Comparison of Action of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase fromBacillus megaterium, B. circulans, B. stearothermophilusandB. macerans,” J. Jap. Soc. Starch Sci., vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 13-18 (1982).
Tanaka, et al., “Characterization ofBacillus stearothermophiluscyclodextrin glucanotransferase in ascorbic acid 2-O-&agr;-glucoside formation,”Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1078(2), pp. 127-132 (1991).
Whitby, Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, 18B, 404-417 (1971).
Whitby, J. Biochem. 50, 433-438 (1952).
Katagiri et al., J. Vitaminology 6, 139-144 (1960).
Hoshino Tatsuo
Masuda Setsuko
Bryan Cave LLP
Haracz Stephen M.
Marx Irene
Roche Vitamins Inc.
Waddell Mark E.
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