Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Fermentation processes – Of plant or plant derived material
Patent
1988-07-12
1992-03-17
Czaja, Donald E.
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Fermentation processes
Of plant or plant derived material
426 52, 426 63, 426478, 426489, 426490, 426495, 426599, 426615, 426616, A23L 202
Patent
active
050967193
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for treatment of fruits and vegetables, in particular for juice extraction, with devices for working up and liquefaction of the raw material and subsequent filtration.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
It is known from Japanese patent specification number 59-35580 to treat the mash located in a receptacle by enzymatic cell breakdown. The crushed fruit is mixed together with the added enzymes, e.g., cellulase, pectinase, with the aid of a stirring device and is liquefied by enzymatic cell breakdown. The liquid mixture obtained in this way runs through a pulping machine and is further fed to a sterilization device to deactivate the enzymes After that, the raw juice is fed to an ultrafiltration device and clarified.
The consumption of enzymes for liquefaction by enzymatic cell breakdown is relatively high in this known process, because the volume of the liquid mixture to be treated is very large at the beginning of the process. This means high operating costs for carrying out the process. Further, qualitative improvements are still desirable.
In addition there is also the possibility of performing the liquefaction of the raw material by physical cell breakdown. But the equipment required for this must, as a result of the large volume to be processed, be suitably large, which also leads to relatively high investment costs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is thus to provide a process and an associated unit which avoid the drawbacks mentioned and contribute to cost reduction and quality improvement in juice extraction.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the liquefaction occurs by chemical, in particular enzymatic or physical, cell breakdown exclusively or mainly after filtration of the raw juice in the retentate.
Suitably, the clarification of the raw juice occurs by membrane filtration.
According to a further feature of the invention, the raw material can consist of whole fruit.
The unit for carrying out the process is characterized in that it consists of a device for crushing or blanching the fruit, a connected pulping machine and a membrane filtration device, downstream from which there is a device for the chemical, in particular enzymatic or physical, cell breakdown of the retentate.
If an additional advance liquefaction is required, another device for the enzymatic or physical cell breakdown can be upstream from, or integrated with, the membrane filtration device as the first liquefaction stage. By this measure it is to be achieved that, before membrane filtration, liquefaction is done enzymatically or physically only to the extent that a considerable portion of the liquefied mash can be run through the membrane filtration device.
According to a further feature of the invention, the membrane filtration device consists of an ultrafiltration or microfiltration device.
To improve the filtration yield, the membrane filtration device is configured in at least two stages, and the first stage serves for preclarification of the raw juice and the second or further stages are formed by the ultrafiltration or microfiltration unit. By this measure, the enzymatic or physical cell breakdown in the first liquefaction stage before the membrane filtration device can be eliminated in some cases. The result of this is a further saving in enzymes and a cost reduction, as well as an improvement in quality, since the enzyme activity occurs only during the second stage after membrane filtration and thus during a shorter retention time.
Suitably, the first stage of the membrane filtration device consists of a coarse filtration or microfiltration, or a dynamic crossflow filtration device struck by a tangential flow.
To improve the action in the first stage, this stage can be operated at higher pressure relative to the subsequent stages, for which ceramic or metallic filtration materials can be used in a simple way.
For more rational utilization of the raw material and to improve the yield, there is allocated to the pulping ma
REFERENCES:
patent: 3737324 (1973-06-01), Zinchenko et al.
patent: 4299849 (1981-11-01), Mouri et al.
patent: 4371552 (1983-02-01), Posorske
Aberle J.
Bucher-Guyer AG Maschinenfabrik
Czaja Donald E.
Jaskiewicz Edmund M.
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