Power plants – Motive fluid energized by externally applied heat – Process of power production or system operation
Patent
1980-11-06
1983-07-26
Ostrager, Allen M.
Power plants
Motive fluid energized by externally applied heat
Process of power production or system operation
60327, F01K 2506
Patent
active
043948154
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Electric generator plants, in which turbogenerators are driven by high pressure vapour, are noted to possess a low efficiency factor only, that is not exceeding the scale of 0.34 c.a.
Basic to this invention is the task, to show a process to generate electric current by means of turbogenerators using high pressure vapour, that enables to obtain a higher efficiency factor.
The solution for this problem is inventively, that a stream of water is being led to the turbines and high pressure vapour is being injected in like direction into the water stream, whereby the reaction-time as regards vapour and water is being held that short, that practically no heat-exchange takes place.
Contrary therefore to the utilizing of steamturbine power plants the vapour acc. to the inventive process is led not directly into the turbines, but into a water stream, which is driving water turbines instead of steam turbines.
The energy of the vapour injected into the water stream is transferred upon the water stream and works as to pressure and as to velocity upon the water molecules and through the same immediately upon the turbine shovels. This energy-transfer occurs practically without losses, if during the mutual enaction of vapour and water no appreciable vapour-condensation occurs. The reaction-time must therefore be that short, that the heat-exchange is being avoided extensively. This may be accomplished by an adequately high water stream velocity and a short reaction distance. For example, there results at the water velocity 400 m/sec and reaction distance of 5 m the reaction-time only of 0.0125 sec, which time does not suffice for any appreciable vapour-condensation. Additionally, it can be shown, that even at a very high impact velocity for the vapour, i.e. at a high relative velocity of the vapour as regards the water stream, for example, c.a. 500 m/sec there results practically still no supersonic impact-heating for the water.
These findings enable the application of high pressure vapour in electrical power plants according to the invented process, contrary to the prejudice respectively of the technical world.
Preferably high output rotary pumps are being used to generate the water stream, while Pelton turbines preferably may be considered representing the turbines, as driven by the stream of water. The water stream may form a closed circuit. The possibility may also exist to use the water coming from the turbines in other ways, for example, for distant heating purposes. The high pressure steam may be obtained from waste heat of boilers or from gas-supercharged steam generators.
The drawing shows schematically an example of an electrical power plant according to the invented process.
Water is taken through a sucking device 2 from a water reservoir 1 by means of a high output rotary pump 3, and is led, at a very high velocity, via a short cyclindrical conduit 4 into the hydraulic turbine 5 of a turbogenerator, from which the water is recycled to the water reservoir 1, with run-off at 6.
Into the water stream high pressure vapour is injected in like direction, which is drawn from a steam generator 7 and is led into the conduit 4 by means of a steam conduit 8, which includes a regulating valve 9. Being expansive, the injected high pressure vapour will, in the presence of a constant magnetic field resistance, accelerate the water's speed of passage through the turbine 5 and thus effect rotation acceleration of the turbogenerator. The resulting increased power output of the generator will be greater than the power output required to generate the water stream, which means an increase in the overall efficiency of the plant.
For example, the following operating data are assumed:
______________________________________ water flow (constant) 100 to/sec.
water velocity 400 m/sec.
water pressure 40 bar.
vapour stream velocity
875 m/sec.
vapour pressure 40 bar.
______________________________________
Out of these figures according to the known efficiency factors regarding the singular plant units involved, there
REFERENCES:
patent: 891214 (1908-06-01), Graf
patent: 1060125 (1913-04-01), Rector
patent: 2151949 (1939-03-01), Turner
Husar Stephen F.
Ostrager Allen M.
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