Gas: heating and illuminating – Processes – Fuel mixtures
Patent
1996-08-14
1998-12-15
Marschel, Ardin H.
Gas: heating and illuminating
Processes
Fuel mixtures
48 73, 48111, 48202, 48209, 60 3912, C10J 300, C10J 316, F02B 4300
Patent
active
058490507
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process for generating burnable gas from water- and ballast-containing organic materials, such as coal, municipal and industrial sludges, wood and biomasses, municipal and industrial refuse and waste and waste products, residues and other materials.
The invention can be used in particular for utilizing the energy of biomasses and wood from agricultural areas planted cyclically, in particular recultivated mining areas, and thus for providing for the carbon-dioxide-neutral conversion of natural fuels into mechanical energy and heat energy and for the productive disposal of municipal, commercial, agricultural and industrial refuse, other organic wastes, residues, byproducts and waste products.
2. Description of Related Art
The prior art is characterized by a number of proposals and practical applications for utilizing the energy of plants and organic wastes and municipal, commercial, industrial and agricultural refuse. A seminar run Research Establishment! summarized the prior art on the thermal generation of gas from biomass, i.e. gasification and degasification, which still today substantially characterizes the prior art (report of the Kernforschungsanlage Jualich-JuilConf-46). Accordingly, processes for combustion, degasification and gasification, alone or in combination, define the prior art with the following aims: production of combustion gas as a source of heat energy for steam generation by combustion,--production of highly caloric solid and liquid fuels, such as coke, charcoal and liquid, oil-like tars by low-temperature carbonization, degasification and gasification,--production of burnable gas by complete gasification, avoiding solid and liquid fuels.
In the gasification processes, the procedure determines whether the liquid and high-molecular low-temperature carbonization products are obtained or are likewise gasified by oxidation.
The oldest type of gasification is fixed-bed gasification, fuel and gasification medium being moved in counter-current to one another. These processes achieve maximum gasification efficiency with the minimum oxygen consumption. The disadvantage of this type of gasification is that the fuel moisture and all known liquid low-temperature carbonization products are present in the gasification gas. In addition, this type of gasification requires fuel in piece form. Fluidized-bed gasification, known as Winkler gasification, very largely, but not completely, eliminated this deficiency of fixed-bed gasification. In the gasification of the bituminous fuels, the necessary freedom from tar, for example, of the gasification gas, as is required for using the gas as a fuel for internal combustion engines, is achieved. Furthermore, because of the higher mean temperature level in the procedure, in comparison with the fixed-bed gasification, the oxygen consumption is markedly higher. In addition, the temperature level of the Winkler gasification means that the majority of the input carbon is not converted into burnable gas, but is discharged again in the form of dust, and is discharged from the process bound to the ash. This deficiency in the gasification technology can be avoided by the high-temperature entrained-bed gasification processes, which generally operate above the melting point of the ash.
An example of these is DE 41 39 512 A1. In this process, waste materials are broken down by low-temperature carbonization into low-temperature carbonization gas and low-temperature carbonization coke and thus processed into a form necessary for gasification in an exothermic entrained-bed gasifier. The conversion to the exothermic entrained-bed gasifier is associated with further increasing oxygen consumption and decreasing efficiency, although the organic matter of the waste materials is virtually completely converted into burnable gas. The reasons for this lie in the high temperature level of these gasification processes, which cause the majority of the heat generated by the fuel to be converted into physical
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Lynch, "Clean Coal Technology Commercial-Size IGCC Demonstration Plants", VGB-Tagungsbericht Feuerungen 1994, TB 217, Vortrag D.sub.3, pp. 1-14.
Hanai et al., Current Status of 200T/D IGCC Pilot Plant at Nakoso, Engineering Research Associate For Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Systems, Jul. 1992, pp. 1-16.
CRG Kohlenstoffrecycling GES.mbH
Marschel Ardin H.
Riley Jezia
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