Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Bacterial
Patent
1994-11-15
1997-02-18
Lander, Ferris
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Bacterial
71 13, 71 15, 71 23, 71 24, 71 25, 71 62, 71 63, C05F 300, C05F 500, C05F 904, C05F 1102
Patent
active
056037449
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process for the formation of a whole-nutrient fertilizer through the biological disintegration of minerals in the presence of Ca compounds, clay and plant and animal organic wastes. Furthermore, the invention relates to the making-available of a whole-nutrient fertilizer (mineral humus) according to said process.
One of the fundamental problems facing agriculture today consists in the increasing impoverishment of agriculturally used soils with respect to biological activity. Such impoverishment is easily discernible from the small number of earthworms and simultaneously signifies the inadequate supply of minerals by the soil for plant nutrition and insufficient crumbliness of the soil.
So-called "good tilth" is the expression typically used to describe an agriculturally useful soil with biological activity, that is, a healthy and fertile soil. A soil of good tilth is taken to mean a crumbly, well aerated soil that produces no clods when ploughed. The essential characteristic of a soil of good tilth, therefore, is its crumbliness. This does not mean, however, that a soil that has been rendered crumbly by ploughing or by other mechanical means is necessarily of good tilth. Rather, for a soil to be of good tilth, the topsoil must remain crumbly throughout the entire growing season and must not collapse under the muddying effect of water.
Such good tilth of the soil is neither maintained nor restored by the present-day methods and fertilizers/soil-improving agents used in agriculture. That is, even the intensive treatment of soils with commercial fertilizers (e.g. ammonium nitrate, urea, potash fertilizer, Rhenania phosphate, basic slag) and/or farmyard fertilizers (e.g. liquid manure, dung, wood ashes, bone meal, compost) is insufficiently able, or indeed unable, to counteract the loss of good tilth. Moreover, soils are in some cases overfertilized by farmers who fail to realize that the soil is frequently lacking in just one or more specific constituent(s), with the result that those components additionally contained in the fertilizer are worthless to the soil and accumulate in surface waters and groundwaters, playing a major part in the eutrophication thereof.
In spite of normal methods of fertilizing and soil-working, it is possible to discern increasing soil exhaustion in the form of slowly and steadily declining yields, with causal significance accruing to the depletion of trace elements in the soil, the mostly one-sided removal of nutrients and the accumulation of water-soluble, plant-growth-inhibiting substances, in addition to the loss of good tilth.
That part of the soil essential to plant nutrition is the so-called mineral humus, with its content of humic acids being all that this actual humus has in common with the substance generally known as humus. For this reason, a distinction is made in the following between so-called humus ("humus") and the true humus (mineral humus) according to the invention.
This misconception among experts with regard to humus has meant, therefore, that the method of fertilizing currently thought to be the ideal involves a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers, which, after being applied into/onto the soil, are supposed to be converted jointly into mineral humus by microbes. This, however, takes place only to an inadequate extent, which is manifested in an insufficient and constantly decreasing mineral-humus content in the soil. Nor does the method of fertilizing currently thought to be the ideal in any way augment or restore the crumbliness of the good-tilth soil.
DE-OS 36 14 183 has proposed calcium sulfate together with dolomite, soda, borax and citric acid as a fertilizer or rapid-action composting agent for organic wastes.
According to DE 37 44 317, in composting or wide-area fertilizing, the quality of the humus is substantially improved if calcium sulfate in combination with montmorillonite and basic slag and/or raw-phosphate powder is used for the fermentation of organic wastes.
Further processes for the production of soil impro
REFERENCES:
patent: 3944408 (1976-03-01), Postrihac
patent: 4559073 (1985-12-01), Minato et al.
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