Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment – Containment – Solidification – vitrification – or cementation
Patent
1995-04-05
1996-10-08
Suchfield, George A.
Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
Containment
Solidification, vitrification, or cementation
210751, 405128, 588252, 588256, 588900, B01D 1500, A62D 300
Patent
active
055625908
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for encapsulating of waste material, for example an oleopholic waste material.
Examples of waste materials with which the invention is concerned include such materials present in a sludge. Sludges are generated in various industrial processes. For example, the cleaning of metal parts to remove grease may involve soaking the part in an organic solvent with the result that the grease removed (i.e. the waste material) forms a sludge with the organic solvent. Sludges may also be produced, for example, from dye, ink, and paint industries in which paint, ink or dye is dissolved in an organic solvent. The organic solvents may, be chlorinated solvents, e.g. trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene etc., or aromatic solvents, e.g. toluene. The sludges generally have no value.
Examples of other waste materials with which the invention is concerned include oil, tar or the like provided for example in the form of: oil (or tar) contaminated sand.
Problems can be encountered in the disposal of the above types of waste material to ensure that they do not adversely affect the environment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate the above mentioned problems.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a process of the encapsulation of a waste material comprising providing the waste material in association with a vaporizable liquid, admixing the waste material/liquid composition with an absorbent particulate material, and heating the admixture to remove the solvent.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for encapsulating waste material comprising a mixer, means for supplying a composition of the waste material and a vaporizable liquid to the mixer, and heating means for heating the content of the mixer to remove said liquid.
The preferred particulate material for use in the invention is Fly Ash (available as a waste-product from coal-burning power stations) although other absorbent particulate materials may be used e.g. Kieselguhr or lime.
Preferably, the particulate material has a particle size of 10-40 microns. An example of such a material is so called mechanical Fly Ash.
Ideally the waste material is substantially completely disolved in the vapourizable liquid which will generally be an organic solvent.
The organic solvent may, for example, be an aliphatic or aromatic solvent. The solvent may be a chlorinated solvent, e.g. a perchlorinated solvent. Examples of solvents include trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, acetone and toluene.
The presence of the vapourizable liquid (preferably an organic solvent) in the sludge is an important feature of the invention. We have found that the liquid allows the waste material to be transported into the particulate material but that subsequent removal of the liquid by vapourization allows the waste material to remain firmly bound within the particulate material. Thus, the waste material will not "leach" out of the particulate material which may therefore simply be disposed of, for example in a landfill site. However, the particulate material may be put to more beneficial use, for example as a filler in construction materials, e.g. tarmac. A particularly beneficial use of the material is in the manufacture of breeze blocks. Thus, the present invention enables two (normally) waste materials (e.g. Fly Ash and waste material being treated) to be converted into a product which has commercial value.
Waste material to be treated by the method of the invention will generally, but not necessarily, be oleophilic materials and may be relatively viscous materials (e.g. oils greases etc.). The waste material may come from a variety of sources, examples of which are given below.
In one embodiment of the invention, the waste material may be in the form of a sludge or slurry which may or may not incorporate a relatively minor proportion of an organic solvent.
Generally, sludges to be treated in the method of th
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British Technology Group Limited
Suchfield George A.
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