Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Treatment of micro-organisms or enzymes with electrical or... – Cell membrane or cell surface is target
Patent
1994-08-01
1997-05-13
Beisner, William
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Treatment of micro-organisms or enzymes with electrical or...
Cell membrane or cell surface is target
435259, 4353061, 241 1, 241 2, 241 30, C12N 106, C12M 142
Patent
active
056291850
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Cell constituents, such as enzymes, proteins, vitamins and substances having an antimethodic inflammation-inhibiting or cytostatic effect, are required, for example, in medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
DE-C-32 26 016 describes an arrangement with an extrusion homogenizer in which the cells are destroyed by a high pressure gradient and cavitation and turbulence effects in a narrow aperture.
A fundamental disadvantage of these processes and arrangements is that they are very time-consuming and the degree of disintegration they achieve is unsatisfactory.
It is also disadvantageous that in many cases only long-lasting organic compounds can be dealt with. In addition to this, the abovementioned mechanical processes are very energy-consuming and give rise to high installation and running costs, and their efficiency for use with relatively susceptible substances remains limited.
Of the possible disintegration methods in which ultrasonication devices are used, only a few are known from the literature and from the catalogues of manufacturing companies which are additionally limited to laboratory use. These processes are characterized by the known arrangement of an ultrasonication device consisting of an Hf generator, an electromechanical converter with an operating tool (sonotrode) and a multiplicity of acoustic irradiation vessels which are mostly open and which in addition can be coolable and permit continuous charging with the medium.
Special acoustic irradiation devices (cells) are also known which are coupled directly to an electromechanical ultrasonication converter. It is disadvantageous that, as a result of the necessary configuration as a wavelength-dependent resonator element, no advantageous constructional design of the acoustic irradiation volume is possible and cooling must be dispensed with.
Many forms of sonotrode are known from industrial descriptions of inventions which are suitable for acoustic irradiation. A crucial disadvantage of these processes and arrangements is the unsatisfactory degree of disintegration achieved, mounting to at most 60%, occasioned by the fact that no agents favouring the ultrasonication effect are employed and that no allowance is made for the necessary constructional design of an acoustic irradiation volume.
In order, as far as possible, to remedy these deficiencies, DD 284 131 (identical to U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,474) recommends the concomitant use of so-called ultrasonication activators, for example in the form of bodies consisting of a cavitation-resistant and reverberative material, such as hard ceramic. These bodies occupy a relatively large proportion of the volume of the acoustic irradiation space and therefore diminish its receptive capacity for the medium to be sonicated. In addition to this, only media having solid matter concentrations of at most 19% by weight can be treated in practice. A further disadvantage of this known method is that it is necessary to use a spherical acoustic irradiation space in the centre of which the radiation surface of the sonotrode is arranged.
The object of the invention was, therefore, to overcome the limitations with regard to the solid matter concentrations of the medium to be sonicated and with regard to the nature of the acoustic irradiation space and the arrangement of the sonotrode, and to make available an acoustic irradiation process which permits optimum cell disintegration at solid matter concentrations of up to 65% by weight in a flow-through cell without activating bodies.
This object is achieved by the process having the features of the main claim and in which, surprisingly, it is no longer necessary for the acoustic irradiation space to be spherical and it is possible to use any desired spatial shape which is favourable for purification.
The process is very expediently carried out at an amplitude within the range from 20 to 70 .mu.m.
The optimum for the sonotrode angle in the acoustic irradiation space is 85.3.degree., relative to the prior art, 90.degree. angle, of the center line of the sonotrode in
REFERENCES:
patent: 3715104 (1973-02-01), Cottell
patent: 5035363 (1991-07-01), Somoza
patent: 5074474 (1991-12-01), Golz et al.
Chem. Abs., 75, No. 17, 1971, Ab. 108502c, K.U. Hyse et al.
M.S. Doulah, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 19, 1977, pp. 649-660.
Golz Karin
Roding Joachim
Stanzl Klaus
Zastrow Leonhard
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