Radiant energy – Invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling – Infrared responsive
Patent
1985-12-23
1988-01-12
Howell, Janice A.
Radiant energy
Invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling
Infrared responsive
250341, G01J 100
Patent
active
047193514
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Bottle crates, as well as other large injection moulded products or other plastic test bodies are not only produced from new material, i.e. so-called virgin or first-time moulded, factory-free plastic, but also in part from regenerated or reclaimed material. As opposed to regenerated plastic, plastic in the form of new material is also called non-regenerated plastic. In the Federal Republic of Germany bottle crates are made almost exclusively from polyethylene (PE) and in fact mainly from low pressure or high density polyethylene (LP/HDPE). It has been found that bottle crates made from regenerated material can be virtually as good as those made from new material, if certain conditions, such as with regard to the degree of oxidation are respected. Completely embrittled old crates are not suitable for producing regenerated material. Regenerated material is generally produced from suitable old crates, accompanied by the addition of a certain amount of new material and optionally accompanied by the removal of certain fractions of the plastic mass of the old crate. Thus, bottle crates made from regenerated material differ with regards the extent of their internal oxidation. Further details regarding bottle crates can be gathered from the publication by Dr. Kremkow, "Flaschenka sten aus Neuware und Flaschenkasten aus Regenerate, Verpackungsprufstelle Vertragslaboratorium des Deutschen Brauerbundes e.v at the Versuchs und Lehranstalt der Brauerei in Berlin, in "Das Erfrischungsgetrank--Mineralwasser-Zeitung", pp. 262 to 267, copy enclosed.
The invention more particularly relates to such bottle transportation crates, but also to other plastic large injection moulded articles, e.g. plastic pallets, as well as other plastic test articles, provided that comparable problems are involved.
It can be gathered from communication T 22/E2 1980 of the "DEUTSCHER BRAUERBUND E.V." of 8.4.1980, particularly p. 2, second complete paragraph that laboratory testing methods have been developed for a completely satisfactory differentiation between usable and unusable regenerated material by the packaging test centre of the "DEUTSCHER BRAUERBUND E.V.". However, it is not at present possible to differentiate between new material and usable regenerated material. The picture was the same at the Conference held on 2.3.1984 by the Gutegemeinschaft Transportund Lagerbehalter im Qualitatsverband Kunststofferzeugnisse e.V, Gutegruppe Glaschenkasten. At this Conference, the manufacturer of means according to EP-Al No. 0,070,610, which deals with the ageing measurement of bottle crates and the sorting out of unsuitable crates had to admit that a distinction could not be made between bottle crates made from new material and those made from regenerated material.
In the aforementioned publication by Kremkow, p. 262, column 3, middle paragraph, details are given on the information, which has long been known to brewing experts that in the case of bottle crates, it is particularly the gripping ledge or strip which is subject to damage and is located on the upper edge of the crate above the lateral openings in the wall and due to the fact that it is only connected by a few vertical webs it can particularly easily break off. Thus, during mechanical measurements and tests on the ageing state of bottle crates, the gripping ledge has been used for testing the ageing state (German Pat. No. 2,922,535). Thus, according to EP-Al No. 0,070,610, the ageing tests are once again based on the gripping ledge, but in this case infrared spectrometric transmission measurement methods are used. The basic hypothesis was that surface phenomena could be ignored for the ageing of bottle crates, because free radicals (esters) would only form in the plastic surface in a relatively rapid process, whereas as the process decisive for the ageing CO groups (carbonyl groups) were formed to an ever increasing amount in the depth of the crate wall over much longer periods of time than on the surface (EP-Al No. 0,070,610, p. 3, lines 11 to 24). This hypothesis is based on the fact
REFERENCES:
patent: 4148783 (1979-04-01), Rasberger et al.
patent: 4345150 (1982-08-01), Yamura et al.
patent: 4492867 (1985-01-01), Laarhoven et al.
Schoeller Christoph
Schoeller Martin
Alexander Schoeller & Co. AG
Hanig Richard
Howell Janice A.
LandOfFree
Process for determining oxidation-dependent characteristics of s does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Process for determining oxidation-dependent characteristics of s, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Process for determining oxidation-dependent characteristics of s will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-922133