Internal-combustion engines – Two-cycle – Rear compression
Patent
1997-08-15
2000-03-14
Kamen, Noah P.
Internal-combustion engines
Two-cycle
Rear compression
123 1A, F02B 3304
Patent
active
060358157
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of internal-combustion engines, notably self-ignition engines.
More particularly, the present invention applies to engines that consume, for the operation thereof, a known and controlled amount of oil used for its lubricating properties.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For example, engines having an oil consumption regulated according to engine operation parameters such as the load or the speed are well-known. The oil consumption can also be linked with the fuel consumption according to a certain ratio. Engines thus working are for example: two-stroke gasoline engines with a pump sump, lost-oil lubricated, where the oil can be delivered to the intake system or mixed with the fuel in a proportion recommended by the manufacturer.
There are also gasoline or diesel two-stroke engines referred to as "wet sump" engines (four-stroke type sump) for which a controlled oil consumption allows lubrication of the piston-jacket unit. This consumption can be obtained through a controlled lubricating oil escape into the combustion chamber via for example a relative seal at the level of the rings.
It is also well-known to deliver lubricant to the intake air supplied by a compressor or a supercharger.
Metering of the oil consumed by the engine and delivered by controlled supply to the combustion chamber of an engine is not limited to two-stroke engines, since there are known works on four-stroke engines with dry sumps used as air supercharging pumps that are also lost-oil lubricated.
For these various types of motors, a very great number of lubricants are available on the commercial market. Each lubricant corresponds to a particular engine type according to specifications fixed by engine manufacturers and lubricant makers. For example, for two-stroke engines, down-market and very cheap commercial oils are available for simple two-wheeler applications (motorbike). Other lubricants are available for high-performance applications (motorcyles), others for marine applications (outboard).
These various examples show that each lubricant is intended for a given specific engine.
Furthermore, when the lubricant is thus consumed in a controlled way and therefore participates in the combustion of the engine, it may, according to the invention, be loaded with additives that will allow improvement of the quality of the combustion according to one or several quality criteria such as, for example, minimum pollutant emissions, the highest efficiency, the best cycle regularity, cleanliness, . . . etc.
Usually, such additives are mixed with the fuel and they are then intended for specific functions such as pollutant emissions reduction, soot formation reduction, regeneration of filters located in the exhaust system, detergency.
French Patent 2,702,009, U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,593 or European Patent 269,228 disclose various methods for supplying an engine fuel with an additive.
However, a marketed and distributed fuel already containing an additive is hard to conceive when the required additive is not necessary for a whole fleet of vehicles and would be necessary only and specifically for part of a fleet of vehicles on the market.
Although the commercial distribution of fuels containing antifouling additives for example can be contemplated, it is not economically profitable to distribute an additive-containing fuel that would be specifically suited for two-wheelers with two-stroke engines and marine outboard engines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a new and extremely simple solution for supplying the combustion chamber of engines with additives for specific applications, where the additive is not initially mixed with the fuel but with the lubricant.
More precisely, the invention relates to a process for delivering and for metering additives to the combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine consuming a known and controlled amount of lubricant, a process according to which the consumed lubricant comprises at least one additive des
REFERENCES:
patent: 4198931 (1980-04-01), Malec
patent: 4445468 (1984-05-01), Onishi et al.
patent: 4621593 (1986-11-01), Rao et al.
patent: 5330667 (1994-07-01), Tiffany, III et al.
Duret Pierre
Lavy Jacques
Montagne Xavier
Venturi Stephane
Institut Francais du Pe'trole
Kamen Noah P.
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