Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Direct application of electrical or wave energy to food... – Involving ionizing radiation – e.g. – beta rays – x-rays – gamma...
Patent
1985-11-25
1987-06-02
Yeung, George
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Direct application of electrical or wave energy to food...
Involving ionizing radiation, e.g., beta rays, x-rays, gamma...
426507, A23L 326
Patent
active
046702741
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
SPECIFICATION
1. Cross Reference to Related Applications
This application is a National Phase Application, correponding to PCT/HU85/00020 filed Apr. 5, 1985 under the Patent Cooperation Treaty and based, in turn, upon a Hungarian application 1318/84 of Apr. 2, 1984 under the International Convention.
2. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to controlling germination of barley in the malting process. More particularly, the invention relates to the treatment of malting barley by ionizing radiation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The extension of brewing production is basically limited by the scope of malt production. This step needs substantial equipment and work and is very energy consuming and it is very hard to develop extensively. Thus, world-wide research has been carried out in the field of intensive development in order to save material and energy and to increase capacity.
Germination is a physiological process which takes place only under controlled conditions in the presence of sufficient humidity, heat and oxygen. By altering these conditions the biological processes may be controlled within certain ranges but these ranges are very limited.
The metabolism of barley can be influenced by plant hormones, natural and artificial inhibitors, as well as by physical methods. Generally, the materials influencing the development of germination may cause stimulation or inhibition depending on the concentration thereof. Many chemicals have been suggested for inhibiting the germination of barley. Kirsop and Pollock, Proc. European Brewery Com., 84, 1957 suggests the use of comarin; Razga in Soripar, 169 (1961) discloses the effect of sodium azide. Potassium bromate may also be used according to Macey and Stowell, J. Inst. Brewing, 63, 391 (1957).Narziss: A sorgyartas, Budapest, 1981 describes the use of nitric acid while Gy. Kollar: Mezogazdasagi Kemia Technologiai Tanszek Kozlemenyck, 1960 suggests the use of phenylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid or beta-oxy-phenylacetic acid.
Among the materials stimulating germination the best known is gibberellic acid which results in an enhanced enzyme induction. This enhanced enzymatic effect cannot be controlled, however; thus the malt having been germinated by the addition of gibberellic acid is liable to dissolve to a greater extent than is necessary which can result in enhanced coloring during drying and in an increased malting loss. In order to avoid these unfavourable results, combined methods are used, e.g. the unfavorable effects of gibberellic acid are compenated with potassium bromate.
The chemical methods have the disadvantage that malt contains residues due to the treatment.
It is well known that certain residues have strong influence on the metabolism of plants. These can stimulate or inhibit the development of germ depending on the dose.
Kiss et al., Soripar, 44 to 48 and 81 to 83, 1963 have already examined the influence of ionizing rays on the germination of barley. They came to the conclusion that the dose of radiation essentially did not influence the enzymatic system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has now surprisingly been found that when malting barley is irradiated with a dose of 0.05 to 0.15 kGy, germination is inhibited to certain extent while, at the same time, a stimulating effect occurs as to the enzyme activity. This result could not be foreseen since, while alpha-amylase activity is known to increase at low dose ranges, it has been found that this increase in activity is not followed by activation of the peptidase system. On the contrary, the use of higher doses was found to result in permanent inhibition of the inductive enzyme system.
By using the process according to the invention, both in micro-malting equipment and in industrial scale, hydrolase-rich malt was prepared wherein the over-solution phenomena which occurs by using chemical stimulants or stimulating radiation doses, were eliminated.
According to the method of the preent invention air-dry, suitably purified malting barley is irradiated with any r
REFERENCES:
Soripar, 1963, 44-48, 81-83 Hungarian text, translated into English pp. 1-11 and 1-6 respectively.
Biacs Peter
Debreczeny Istvan
Farkas Jozsef
Kiss Istvan
Kozma Istvanne
Dubno Herbert
Kozponti Elelmiszeripari Kutato Intezet
Ross Karl F.
Sorgyar Kobanyai
Yeung George
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