Electric heating – Metal heating – By arc
Patent
1987-05-14
1988-11-29
Shaw, Clifford C.
Electric heating
Metal heating
By arc
21913001, B23K 912
Patent
active
047884100
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a process for the control and/or guidance of welds in arc welding and a lacquer to be used in the process.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In order to enhance productivity, save energy and raw materials and to improve the quality of products, attempts are always made to carry out and to control manufacturing processes automatically.
The principal problem of arc welding technology consists of the need to guide the welding arc automatically along the weld joint. This, however, requires the availability of appropriate sensor systems capable of securely following the weld joint in order to automatically assure the positioning of the welding burner in its path following the existing weld joint.
Different sensor systems have already been proposed. A review may be found in the article by P. Drews and G. Starke, "Sensors in Welding technology", Umschau 1985, No. 5, page 296.
In the arc welding of safety parts there exists the further need to control the quality of the weld.
The sensor systems used at the present time for the guidance of the arc and to control quality, are technically involved and thus very expensive. In the case of certain parts, such as for example deep drawing sheets, these known sensor systems cannot be used at all.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of the present invention to provide a welding process making possible the simple guidance of the weld or the burner, respectively, and/or the control of the weld during electric arc welding. A coating agent, in particular a lacquer capable of being used in such a process, is to be provided further.
The object of the invention is thus a process characterized in that a metal or a metal alloy is applied to the edge of a surface to be welded of at least one workpiece, with the metal or at least one of the principal alloying metals, not being present in the workpiece or only in small proportions, in that at least one characteristic spectral line in the arc emitted by at least one metal applied to the workpiece is observed spectroanalytically, and that by means of the spectral data obtained the weld is controlled and/or the arc guided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The single FIGURE of the drawing schematically depicts an apparatus for practicing the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Due to the high temperature of the arc, not only part of the metals present in the material and the weld wire is evaporating, but also a part of the metals applied. Simultaneously, the evaporated metals are excited by the arc and emit a spectrum characteristic of them. The arc thus serves as a spectroanalytical light source.
The emission spectrum emitted by the individual metals is known. In the process according to the invention the light of the arc is spectroanalytically decomposed. The characteristic spectral line emitted by the metal applied (which for example is present in the elemental form or as an alloy) is measured. Thus for example the intensity of this spectral line is determined.
The apparatus to carry out such an emission spectral analysis and to determine the intensity of the spectral line is known to those skilled in the art and is described for example in "Fundamentals and methods of chemical emission spectral analysis" by R. Mannkopff and G. Friede, Verlag Chemie, D 6940 Weinheim, 1975. The spectral lines characteristic of each of the metals are also listed in this work.
In order to be able to observe the arc from a close proximity, in particular an optical device transmitting the rays by means of glass fibers is used. This optical device may be protected by non-interfering and constantly varying adapters, for example in the form of rolled foil (day light projector principle) or deflecting mirrors.
In the process according to the invention therefore for example the intensity of a characteristic spectral line of an applied metal is determined. This metal should preferably not be present in the workpiece to be welded or in the wire electrode of the b
REFERENCES:
patent: 2823139 (1958-02-01), Schulze et al.
Industrieroboter zum Schweissen und Schneiden from Bander Bleche Rohro, 9-1985, 99238-241, (no translation).
Grau Michael
Schubert Bernd
Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co. (GmbH & Co.)
Shaw Clifford C.
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