Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Hollow or container type article – Glass – ceramic – or sintered – fused – fired – or calcined metal...
Patent
1991-03-18
1993-07-13
Loney, Donald J.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Hollow or container type article
Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal...
428192, 156107, 156109, 52788, 427165, 427168, 427266, 427284, E06B 324
Patent
active
052272060
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process for the coating of a surface made of glass or a glass alloy by physical (PVD) or chemical (CVD) deposition from a gas or vapor phase.
As is known, the coating methods initially mentioned, PVD--short for "physical vapor deposition"--and CVD--short for "chemical vapor deposition" comprise vapor deposition sputtering, ion plating, the reactive variants of these methods, thermal, plasma and photon activated as well as laser induced CVD. These coating methods are described in detail in the technical book "Oberflaechen- und Duennschicht-Technologie" [Surface and Thin-Layer Technology], 1987 edition by Rene A. Haefer.
In the PVD processes the deposition from the gas phase takes place by vapor deposition, sputtering or ion plating. In vapor deposition in a vacuum, the coating material vaporizes in a heatable source and the vapor atoms that propagate in a straight line can be deposited on the substrate as a layer.
Sputtering or cathode spraying is a vacuum process in which ions meet the coating material (target material) and atomize it by pulse transmission. In ion plating in a vacuum, a part of the atoms reaching the substrate are ionized and accelerated by an electrical field. Through the acceleration energy, with which the particles hit the substrate, the properties of the layer deposited are enhanced. In this way, thin layers for optical, opto-electronic, magnetic and microelectronic components are produced. Further fields of application are tribology, protection against corrosion, coating for heat insulation as well as decorative layers.
CVD processes are carried out with chemical deposition from the vapor phase. In the thermal CVD process, chemical reactions take place in the vapor phase, whereupon the reaction material is deposited as a layer on the substrate.
Further, there are plasma-activated CVD, photon-activated CVD as well as laser induced CVD. The CVD processes are used mainly in machine building and apparatus engineering as well as in the electronics industry and they serve for the production of layers for protection against wear or for protection against corrosion.
By these processes the material and condition properties of the substrate can be altered to a specific penetration depth. The properties of the edge layer then depend on the substrate material, the process chosen and the process parameters.
The production and use of insulated glass windows is concerned to a large extent with the insulation zone between the individual glass panes and their sealing in relation to the environment.
Windows of this kind, formed from two or more glass panes, are provided with shaped metal strips glued on the edges with an elastically acting paste. In another design the edge sealing of the so-called insulated glass windows is produced by a lead strip soldered with the glass panes, and the edge of the glass panes is previously provided with a copperplated or a tinplated adhesive layer by a flame-spraying process.
Experience shows that such sealings are not gastight, since, on the one hand, the argon introduced as an insulating gas into the hollow space provided between the glass panes diffuses by the rubber sealing, or since, on the other hand, the adhesive layer between the glass pane and the copper layer is porous. This permeability permits the penetration of moisture between the glass panes, so that the window is fogged at times.
Gastight edge seals have remained an unsolved problem for years and thus an obstacle in the development of greatly improved heat insulations, particularly in the window industry.
Moreover insulation glazings with high insulation values permit the recovery of energy from natural light in an economical manner.
In particular, because of the unsolved sealing problem, it has not as yet been possible to design a light element or window which exhibits an extremely high insulation value as a result of an evacuated hollow space.
A permanently evacuated structural and/or light element would open up new possibilities for home and industrial construction, partic
REFERENCES:
patent: 3544294 (1970-12-01), Goto
Jaskiewicz Edmund M.
Loney Donald J.
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