Furnaces – Process – Supplying fluid
Patent
1995-12-06
1997-10-28
Bennett, Henry A.
Furnaces
Process
Supplying fluid
110188, 110257, 110285, 110291, 110101A, 110101C, F23L 100
Patent
active
056808240
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for burning solids on a sliding fire grate system. The solids can be any combustible solids, for example fossil fuels such as soft coal, hard coal and the like materials. The process is particularly suited for burning refuse or garbage in large installations, wherein, due to the invention, combustion is optimized in many ways. A novel type of sliding fire grate system is necessary for operation of this process, which is first described here in order to later explain the process executed by it.
2. Description of Prior Art
In contrast to conventional fire grates, the grate stages of which are constructed from a plurality of grate bars lined up next to each other and made of cast chrome steel, the grate stage of the novel sliding fire grate disclosed herein comprises a hollow grate plate made, for example, of two sheet steel shells welded together. A suitable medium can flow through the individual grate plates by means of one or several liquid circuits and can be maintained at the desired temperature in this way. Thus, it is possible to maintain the grate at a low temperature by cooling or, if required, to preheat it. Water is preferably used as the medium for cooling or heating. A further distinction over the conventional fire grates lies in the options for sliding movements of the grate. With conventional sliding fire grates, every other grate stage is movable, while the others are installed stationary. However, the movable grate stages are fixedly connected to each other and therefore can only perform a parallel movement, i.e. either all movable stages do not move or all move forward and back together. The strokes are approximately 150 mm to 400 mm, depending on the model. Thus a conveying motion of the material to be burned on the grate is connected, without exception and necessarily, with the movement of these grate stages of the conventional sliding grates. With the novel sliding grate disclosed herein, every other grate stage is also designed to be movable, however, in contrast to conventional sliding grates, each one of these movable grate stages can be individually moved, namely in relation to the direction of the stroke, the stroke travel and the stroke speed. As a third essential difference from conventional grates of chrome steel grate bars, the novel grate disclosed herein can be provided with hollow grate stage plates with a plurality of feed nozzles for the primary air supply of the fire. This novel grate construction provides new options for the control and regulation of the combustion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a process for the combustion of solids in such a sliding fire grate system which is able to optimize the combustion process in many ways. The process in particular includes a number of control and regulating measures which assure that the combustion chamber spectrum can be brought closer to an ideal spectrum and kept close to it during operation, so that a further optimized final burning of all combustion residues is achieved, as a result of which boiler efficiency can be increased and boiler erosion can be reduced and wherein furthermore the flue gas values, in particular the CO and NO.sub.x portions thereof, can be further reduced and, in this way, the steps for downstream flue gas processing can be made less elaborate.
This object is attained in accordance with this invention by a process for the combustion of solids on a sliding fire grate system comprising a plurality of grates, through each of which a cooling medium flows separately, and half of which are individually movable grate stages cooling each of said grates, supplying primary air individually and timed to each of said grates, applying stoking movements individually and timed to each of said grates, applying conveying movements individually and timed to each of said grates and applying feeding movements timed to each of said grates to feed said grate system. If necessary, comb
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Von M. Busch et al., "Entwicklung Einer Kameragefuhrten Feuerungsregelung Zur Verbesserung Des Verbrennungs--, Ausbrand-- und Emissionsverhaltens Einer Abfall-Verbrennungsanlage", VGB Kraftwerkstechnik 73 (1993) Juli, No. 7, Essen, DE.
Kemter Andreas
Nikolaus Thomas
Stiefel Jakob
Bennett Henry A.
Techform Engineering AG
Tinker Susanne C.
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