Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing nitrogen-containing organic compound
Patent
1983-07-05
1987-01-20
Warden, Robert J.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing nitrogen-containing organic compound
435170, 435227, 435228, 435874, C12P 1302, C12P 104, C12N 978, C12R 138
Patent
active
046379827
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to a process for hydrating lower aliphatic nitriles by a microbiological treatment to prepare the corresponding amides. More particularly, it relates to a process for biological preparation of amides characterized by the microorganisms used.
BACKGROUND ART
Lower aliphatic amides, for example, acrylamide, can be prepared by hydrating the corresponding nitriles, for example, acrylonitrile, and a method in which microorganisms are utilized for the hydration has been proposed, for instance, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 86186/1976 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 17918/1981.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Summary
The present invention relates to a process for biologically hydrating lower aliphatic nitriles by means of microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas to prepare the corresponding amides.
Therefore, the process for biological preparation of amides according to the present invention which comprises hydrating nitriles having 2 to 4 carbon atoms by a microbiological treatment to convert the nitriles into the corresponding amides is characterized in that the microorganisms used are of the genus Pseudomonas and are capable of hydrating the nitriles to convert the same into the corresponding amides.
Meritorious effect
As will be noted from the examples which will be set forth hereinafter, the microorganisms used in the present invention have particularly remarkable acrylamide-forming ability and yet show substantially no capability of hydrolyzing acrylamide, which has once been formed, into acrylic acid. Thus, the solution obtained by the hydration reaction contains acrylamide in high concentration, whereby the recovery of acrylamide can be facilitated.
Further, the optimum temperature for the hydration reaction is ordinarily as low as 0.degree. to 20.degree. C., so that the process of this invention is advantageous from the viewpoint of economy of thermal energy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1. Nitriles To Be Treated
Nitriles to be hydrated in accordance with the present invention are those having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such nitriles are acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, n-butyronitrile, and isobutyronitrile. Among these nitriles, acrylonitrile is typical and can be hydrated with good results.
In the presence of the microorganisms to be used in this invention, nitriles having 5 or more carbon atoms or aromatic nitriles tend to be less easily hydrated than nitriles having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
2. Biological Hydration Reaction
The microbiological hydration reaction of nitriles according to the present invention is not substantially different from the prior art methods mentioned hereinbefore except that specific species of microorganisms are used.
The term "hydration of nitriles by a microbiological treatment to convert the nitriles into the corresponding amides" as used herein is intended to cover both the case wherein microorganisms are cultured in the presence of nitriles and the case wherein nitriles are contacted with cultures obtained by culturing microorganisms, cells collected from the cultures, or cells which have been subjected to some treatment (such as ground cells or enzymes separated and extracted from cells). This term also refers to the case wherein cells or enzymes produced thereby are immobilized and utilized in the hydration reaction. In this connection, the biological hydration reaction of the present invention is considered to proceed by the aid of an enzyme (nitrile hydratase) produced by the microorganisms.
The culture of the microorganisms used in the present invention can be carried out by any method suitable for the desired purpose. For the culture media to be utilized, in general, those containing carbon sources such as glucose, maltose, and dextrins, nitrogen sources such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and nitriles other than those to be hydrated, for example, isobutyronitrile in the case where acrylonitrile is hydrated, organic nutriment source
REFERENCES:
patent: 4001081 (1977-01-01), Commeyras et al.
Asano et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., 44(9), pp. 2251-2252, 1980.
Asano et al., Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 46, No. 5 (1982), pp. 1183-1189.
Arnaud et al., Agric. Biol. Chem., vol. 41, No. 11, (1977), pp. 2183-2191.
Tani Yoshiki
Yamada Hideaki
Adams Bruce L.
Burns Robert E.
Lobato Emmanuel J.
Nitto Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
Warden Robert J.
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