Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes – With twining – plying – braiding – or textile fabric formation
Patent
1992-06-19
1994-05-10
Tentoni, Leo B.
Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
With twining, plying, braiding, or textile fabric formation
26421112, 26421115, 26421117, D01D 5084, D02G 100
Patent
active
053105141
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for making microfilaments and in addition, the invention is also concerned with a spinning device for making microfilaments.
Synthetic filaments having a single titer of less than 1 dtex are called microfilaments (the term 1 dtex means that 10 km of the thread or filament weighs 1 gram). The microfilaments have, therefore, a very small diameter and are being twisted into microfilament yarns in a known manner. These microfilament yarns can be woven or knitted in order to produce a textile. Due to the single titer of less than 1 dtex, the textiles are distinguished by a very soft touch and an elegant drape so that they have a silk-like character and can join the fashion trend of silk textiles.
Microfilaments are produced by drawing the microfilament at high drawing speeds from a spinning aperture of a spinning nozzle supplied with molten material and drawing it and taking it up on a roll after passing it through an area through which cooling air has been transversely blown. After that, a multitude of microfilaments are twisted to a microfilament yarn from which the desired textile can be produced by weaving.
It is also known to produce spun bond fabric from the microfilaments by drawing the filaments leaving spinning nozzles under the effect of an injector after passing through an area through which cooling air has been transversely blown and depositing them on a constantly moving receiving conveyor Such spun bond fabrics made of microfilaments are also included in the invention. The microfilaments produced from synthetic polymers have a filament diameter, depending on the synthetic polymer used, below 12 .mu.m in polypropylene and below 11 .mu.m in polyamide or below 10 .mu.m in polyester. The mircofilament yarns produced therefrom, which are being offered mostly as polyamide and polyester yarns, as a rule have a single titer which falls only insignificantly below 1 dtex.
As mentioned above, the microfilament yarns and textile products are similar to the fashionably preferred natural silk due to their soft feel. But the textile yarns made of microfilaments have an additional advantage due to the density of the flat structure. Textile fabrics made of microfilament yarns can be woven so densely that they are in their diffusion characteristics similar to semipermeable diaphragms. These flat structures breathe, i.e. they allow easy passage of gases and also vapors, such as water vapor, although at the same time it is very hard to wet them. This low wettability is due to the small filament diameter and the unfavorable angle formed thereby between two filament surfaces.
The advantageous characteristics of the textiles made of filament yarns and also the spun bond fabrics made therefrom can be traced to the relatively small diameter of the microfilaments which are being produced in the manner described further above according to the common "quick spinning process" and are being combined as a rule into "POY-yarns" (POY=partially oriented yarn). The molten polymer material is extruded by the spinning nozzle, cooled underneath the spinning nozzle by an airstream and drawn at high speed--usually about 6,000 m/min.
In order to further increase the silk-like character of the products produced from the microfilaments (textile or spun bond fabric) and to further improve the described advantages even more, commercial operations strive to reduce the diameter of the microfilaments during their production to a single titer of substantially below 1 dtex. Under the usual practical assumption that one should maintain a like total titer of the microfilament yarn also with finer microfilaments, the number of microfilaments in the yarn or the number of nozzle bores per microfilament yarn must increase proportionally to the reduction of the single titer in dtex, since for the production of a microfilament yarn with the same diameter several times the number of microfilaments are needed. In order to obtain the smaller diameters of the microfilaments, it is necessary to r
REFERENCES:
patent: 3954361 (1976-05-01), Page
patent: 4181697 (1980-01-01), Koschinek et al.
patent: 4578134 (1986-03-01), Hartmann et al.
Bruckner Walter
Ruzek Ivo
Corovin GmbH
Tentoni Leo B.
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